Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all the subjects and data adjusted by IPW.
| Total (n=433) | All subjects | Data adjusted by IPW | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCP (n=247) | Non-BCP (n=186) | P-value | BCP (n=247) | Non-BCP (n=186) | P-value | |||
| Mean age ± SD, y | 80.3 ± 11.3 | 80.3 ± 11.1 | 80.4 ± 11.7 | 0.933 a | 81.8 ± 11.9 | 80.7 ± 8.1 | 0.701a | |
| Sex, female, (%) | 48.7 | 44.5 | 54.3 | 0.044 b | 52.7 | 47.3 | 0.499b | |
| BMI ± SD, (kg/m2) | 20.3 ± 3.8 | 20.3 ± 3.7 | 20.3 ± 3.9 | 0.917 a | 20.3 ± 3.3 | 19.1 ± 2.7 | 0.079a | |
| CCI, (%) | <0.001 b | 0.147b | ||||||
| 0 | 25.6 | 32.0 | 17.2 | 20.1 | 12.4 | |||
| 1 | 7.2 | 8.5 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 2.4 | |||
| 2 | 29.3 | 32.4 | 25.3 | 36.2 | 10.1 | |||
| 3 | 12.5 | 8.5 | 17.7 | 5.9 | 9.5 | |||
| >4 | 25.4 | 18.6 | 34.4 | 33.1 | 65.6 | |||
| Nutrition status | ||||||||
| GLIM malnutrition, (%) | 64 | 63.2 | 65.1 | 0.906 a | 68.3 | 84.5 | 0.199 a | |
| Number of drugs on admission, [IQR] | 6 [4,8] | 6 [4,9] | 6 [3,8] | 0.022 a | 6 [4,8] | 5 [3,8] | 0.880 a | |
| Hand grip strength, kg | 13.3 ± 9.3 | 13.6 ± 9.2 | 12.8 ± 9.4 | 0.363 a | 12.4 ± 9.2 | 11.6 ± 6.4 | 0.540 a | |
| CC, cm, | 28.4 ± 4.0 | 28.7 ± 4.1 | 28.0 ± 4.0 | 0.076 a | 28.0 ± 4.1 | 28.3 ± 2.6 | 0.693 a | |
| Sarcopenia, (%) | 87.1 | 87.4 | 86.6 | 0.786 b | 84.1 | 94.5 | 0.118 b | |
| Cause of dysphagia, (%) | 0.001 b | 0.275 b | ||||||
| Cancer | 1.6 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 5.7 | 1.0 | |||
| Dementia | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 1.2 | |||
| Parkinson’s disease | 3.2 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 4.1 | 2.7 | |||
| Cerebral hemorrhage | 4.4 | 5.7 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 0.7 | |||
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 2.1 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 0.3 | |||
| Cerebral infarction | 16.9 | 17.0 | 16.7 | 11.7 | 6.4 | |||
| Sarcopenic dysphagia | 61.4 | 64.0 | 58.1 | 69.4 | 83.1 | |||
| Others | 7.6 | 3.2 | 13.4 | 2.3 | 6.4 | |||
| Barthel index on admission, [IQR] | 25 [25,50] | 30 [10,50] | 20 [5,50] | 0.605 a | 15 [0,45] | 20 [5,50] | 0.051 a | |
| FILS score on admission, [IQR] | 7 [3,8] | 7 [7,8] | 6 [1,7] | <0.001 a | 7 [3,7] | 7 [4,8] | 0.201 a | |
| Dwelling, (%) | <0.001 b | 0.816 b | ||||||
| Acute care hospital | 43.0 | 21.9 | 71.0 | 41.3 | 33.1 | |||
| Rehabilitation hospital | 46.9 | 77.7 | 5.9 | 58.5 | 3.7 | |||
| Long term care hospital | 9.5 | 0 | 22.0 | 0 | 10.8 | |||
| Others | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 52.4 | |||
IPW: inverse probability weighting; BCP: board-certificated physiatrists; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; GLIM: global leadership initiative on malnutrition; IQR: interquartile range; CC: calf circumference, FILS: food intake level scale. a: *Definition?*, b: *Definition?*.