Table 3.

Descriptive statistics for babble maturity measures and Mann-Whitney U results for comparisons of the Dup7 group to the LCAS, LSSD, and TD groups

Measure	Group	Mean	SD	Median	IQR	Range	z	p	Cohen’s d
Canonical Babble Ratio	Dup7	29.92	19.33	32.81	6.67–47.76	.00–48.75
	LCAS	36.70	13.67	33.48	26.29–50.31	20.07–58.75	−0.29	.813	0.13
	LSSD	51.66	12.33	56.09	38.58–60.30	34.07–60.38	−2.08	.042	2.21
	TD	61.07	13.50	63.95	49.31–70.03	39.95–79.19	−2.57	.008	3.00
Canonical Babble Frequency	Dup7	2.05	2.25	1.40	.20–3.03	.00–6.50
	LCAS	4.22	5.22	2.16	1.34–5.13	.89–16.41	−0.98	.364	0.49
	LSSD	17.68	17.13	11.51	6.43–35.11	4.78–42.93	−2.46	.012	1.61
	TD	11.25	6.25	8.60	7.37–15.14	7.01–23.40	−3.00	.001	2.04
Volubility	Dup7	3.83	3.14	3.97	1.00–5.73	.13–9.37
	LCAS	9.46	8.28	6.57	2.86–15.21	2.14–26.78	−1.66	.109	0.88
	LSSD	27.21	23.14	16.69	14.34–51.21	14.29–61.98	−2.65	.006	2.65
	TD	17.32	9.65	14.10	12.41–20.75	10.57–36.73	−3.00	.001	3.00

Note. Bolded p-values highlight significant differences in comparison to the Dup7 group. Dup7 = 7q11.23 duplication syndrome; LCAS = later diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech; LSSD = later diagnosed with speech sound disorder other than childhood apraxia of speech; TD = typically developing; canonical babble ratio = number of canonical babbles divided by total number of syllables; canonical babble frequency = number of canonical babbles per minute; volubility = number of syllables per minute. n = 7 for Dup7, 10 for LCAS, 4 for LSSD, 6 for TD.