Table 5.

Descriptive statistics for phonotactic diversity (number of different vocalization structures produced at least once every two minutes) and Mann-Whitney U results for comparisons of the Dup7 group to the LCAS, LSSD, and TD groups

Group	Mean	SD	Median	IQR	Range	z	p	Cohen’s d
Dup7	1.57	1.40	2.00	0.00–2.00	0.00–4.00
LCAS	0.86	0.90	1.00	0.00–2.00	0.00–2.00	−1.01	.313	0.53
LSSD	2.60	1.14	3.00	1.50–3.50	1.00–4.00	−1.33	.183	0.81
TD	4.20	0.84	4.00	3.50–5.00	3.00–5.00	−2.56	.010	2.12

Note. Bolded p-value highlights a significant difference in comparison to the Dup7 group. Dup7 = 7q11.23 duplication syndrome; LCAS = later diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech; LSSD = later diagnosed with speech sound disorder other than childhood apraxia of speech; TD = typically developing; n = 10 for Dup7, 7 for LCAS, 5 for LSSD, 5 for TD.