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. 2023 Jan 10;14:2. doi: 10.1186/s13229-022-00525-2
Kmet, Lee, & Cook (2004) checklist for assessing the quality of quantitative studies Audrain et al. [67] Barendse et al. [68] Braden et al. [64] Chan et al. [86] Chantiluke et al. [59] Churches et al. [81] Cook et al. [92] Cooper et al. [90] Desaunay et al., [79] Gaigg, et al. [89] Greimel et al., [82] Gunji et al. [80]
1. Question/objective sufficiently described? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2. Study design evident and appropriate? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3. Method of subject/comparison group selection or source of information/input variables described and appropriate? 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4. Subject (and comparison group, if applicable) characteristics sufficiently described? 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1
5. If interventional and random allocation was possible, was it described? N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
6. If interventional and blinding of investigators was possible, was it reported? N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
7. If interventional and blinding of subjects was possible, was it reported? N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
8. Outcome and (if applicable) exposure measure(s) well defined and robust to measurement/misclassification bias? Means of assessment reported? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9. Sample size appropriate? 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 0
10. Analytic methods described/justified and appropriate? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
11. Some estimate of variance is reported for the main results? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12. Controlled for confounding? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
13. Results reported in sufficient detail? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
14. Conclusions supported by the results? 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Total score 21 21 21 22 25 20 21 22 22 21 21 19
Percentage 95% 95% 95% 100% 89% 91% 95% 100% 100% 95% 95% 86%