. 2023 Jan 11;23:80. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15001-6

Table 5.

Multi-nominal logistic regression analysis of association between frequency and duration of scented candle use and reported symptoms (n=472)

Extent of exposure to scented candles	Reported symptoms [OR (95% CI); p-value]
Frequency of use in a month
Once	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Twice	1.02 [0.51-2.02] 0.952	0.55 [0.20-1.50] 0.243	0.57 [0.25-1.33] 0.193	1.05 [0.57-1.94] 0.877	1.03 [0.54-1.98] 0.925	1.20 [0.53-2.73] 0.662	1.03 [0.54-1.98] 0.929
3 Times	0.66 [0.34-1.31] 0.238	0.47 [0.17-1.32] 0.151	0.65 [0.27-1.56] 0.337	1.13 [0.60-2.14] 0.705	1.71 [0.85-3.44] 0.133	0.99 [0.42-2.31] 0.981	1.03 [0.53-2.01] 0.932
4 Times or more	0.65 [0.36-1.16] 0.145	1.04 [0.38-2.85] 0.942	0.74 [0.34-1.63] 0.457	1.07 [0.62-1.82] 0.814	1.27 [0.72-2.23] 0.406	1.51 [0.72-3.18] 0.281	1.27 [0.71-2.27] 0.418
Frequency of use in a week
1-2 Times	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
3-4 Times	0.51 [0.20-1.33] 0.169	0.93 [0.19-4.58] 0.926	0.62 [0.16-2.34] 0.477	1.03 [0.44-2.43] 0.939	0.80 [0.34-1.90] 0.617	1.14 [0.33-3.93] 0.838	1.00 [0.39-2.53] 0.997
5-6 Times	0.78 [0.16-3.74] 0.758	0.36 [0.04-2.89] 0.337	0.10 [0.02-0.54] 0.008*	4.19 [0.78-22.61] 0.095	0.87 [0.20-3.72] 0.854	1.16 [0.14-9.27] 0.892	0.86 [0.18-4.01] 0.848
Daily	0.55 [0.16-1.87] 0.343	1.41 [0.13-15.38] 0.729	0.44 [0.09-2.13] 0.305	1.84 [0.57-5.90] 0.305	1.00 [0.32-3.16] 0.999	0.37 [0.09-1.49] 0.163	1.03 [0.31-3.45] 0.960
Frequency of use in a day
1-2 Times	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
3 Times or more	0.81 [0.50-1.31] 0.396	0.97 [0.44-2.14] 0.949	0.95 [0.51-1.79] 0.878	1.03 [0.66-1.63] 0.883	1.13 [0.70-1.84] 0.612	1.72 [0.89-3.33] 0.107	1.12 [0.69-1.83] 0.642
Duration of exposure
< 20 minutes	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
20-60 minutes	1.11 [0.67-1.83] 0.694	0.92 [0.41-2.08] 0.835	0.92 [0.48-1.79] 0.817	1.10 [0.68-1.77] 0.706	1.16 [0.70-1.93] 0.563	0.83 [0.42-1.63] 0.584	0.94 [0.56-1.57] 0.811
> 60 minutes	1.42 [0.68-2.96] 0.349	1.29 [0.42-4.00] 0.654	1.23 [0.48-3.13] 0.669	0.72 [0.37-1.40] 0.331	0.84 [0.41-1.73] 0.645	0.50 [0.21-1.21] 0.125	0.80 [0.39-1.65] 0.551

Extent of exposure to scented candles

Reported symptoms [OR (95% CI); p-value]

Headache

Sneezing

Wheezing

Cough

Chest tightness

Shortness of breath

Nasal allergies

Frequency of use in a month

Once

Ref

Twice

1.02 [0.51-2.02]

0.952

0.55 [0.20-1.50]

0.243

0.57 [0.25-1.33]

0.193

1.05 [0.57-1.94]

0.877

1.03 [0.54-1.98]

0.925

1.20 [0.53-2.73]

0.662

1.03 [0.54-1.98]

0.929

3 Times

0.66 [0.34-1.31]

0.238

0.47 [0.17-1.32]

0.151

0.65 [0.27-1.56]

0.337

1.13 [0.60-2.14]

0.705

1.71 [0.85-3.44]

0.133

0.99 [0.42-2.31]

0.981

1.03 [0.53-2.01]

0.932

4 Times or more

0.65 [0.36-1.16]

0.145

1.04 [0.38-2.85]

0.942

0.74 [0.34-1.63]

0.457

1.07 [0.62-1.82]

0.814

1.27 [0.72-2.23]

0.406

1.51 [0.72-3.18]

0.281

1.27 [0.71-2.27]

0.418

Frequency of use in a week

1-2 Times

Ref

3-4 Times

0.51 [0.20-1.33]

0.169

0.93 [0.19-4.58]

0.926

0.62

[0.16-2.34]

0.477

1.03 [0.44-2.43]

0.939

0.80 [0.34-1.90]

0.617

1.14 [0.33-3.93]

0.838

1.00 [0.39-2.53]

0.997

5-6 Times

0.78 [0.16-3.74]

0.758

0.36 [0.04-2.89]

0.337

0.10 [0.02-0.54]

0.008*

4.19 [0.78-22.61]

0.095

0.87 [0.20-3.72]

0.854

1.16 [0.14-9.27]

0.892

0.86 [0.18-4.01]

0.848

Daily

0.55 [0.16-1.87]

0.343

1.41 [0.13-15.38]

0.729

0.44 [0.09-2.13]

0.305

1.84 [0.57-5.90]

0.305

1.00 [0.32-3.16]

0.999

0.37 [0.09-1.49]

0.163

1.03 [0.31-3.45]

0.960

Frequency of use in a day

1-2 Times

Ref

3 Times or more

0.81 [0.50-1.31]

0.396

0.97 [0.44-2.14]

0.949

0.95 [0.51-1.79]

0.878

1.03 [0.66-1.63]

0.883

1.13 [0.70-1.84]

0.612

1.72 [0.89-3.33]

0.107

1.12 [0.69-1.83]

0.642

Duration of exposure

< 20 minutes

Ref

20-60 minutes

1.11 [0.67-1.83]

0.694

0.92 [0.41-2.08]

0.835

0.92 [0.48-1.79]

0.817

1.10 [0.68-1.77]

0.706

1.16 [0.70-1.93]

0.563

0.83 [0.42-1.63]

0.584

0.94 [0.56-1.57]

0.811

> 60 minutes

1.42 [0.68-2.96]

0.349

1.29 [0.42-4.00]

0.654

1.23 [0.48-3.13]

0.669

0.72 [0.37-1.40]

0.331

0.84 [0.41-1.73]

0.645

0.50 [0.21-1.21]

0.125

0.80 [0.39-1.65]

0.551