Table 3. Maternal characteristics, GDM particularities and adverse obstetric/neonatal outcomes categorized by BMI.
| Underweight (n = 7) | Normal-weight (n = 175) | Overweight (n = 151) | Obesity (n = 129) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||||
| Ethnic origin: | ||||||
| European | 7 (100.0) | 175 (100.0) | 147 (97.4) | 128 (99.2) | 0.146 a | |
| African | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.3) | 0 | ||
| South American | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 0 | ||
| Oriental Asian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | ||
| South Asian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Abortion on previous gestation | 1 (14.3) | 35 (20.0) | 50 (33.1) | 31 (24.1) | 0.289 a | |
| Macrosomia on previous gestation | 1 (14.3) | 4 (2.3) | 11 (7.3) | 7 (5.4) | 0.074 a | |
| GDM on previous gestation | 1 (14.3) | 18 (10.3) | 20 (13.2) | 23 (17.8) | 0.254 a | |
| Family history of diabetes in 1st degree relatives | 4 (57.1) | 81 (46.3) | 98 (64.9) | 85 (65.9) | 0.010 a | |
| GDM Particularities | ||||||
| Diagnosis at 1st trimester | 1 (14.3) | 94 (53.7) | 62 (41.1) | 73 (55.8) | 0.008 a | |
| Pharmacological treatment | 1 (14.3) | 68 (38.9) | 72 (47.7) | 84 (65.1) | <0.001 a | |
| Obstetric Outcomes | ||||||
| Excessive GWG | 0 | 33 (19.1) | 66 (44.9) | 50 (40.2) | <0.001 a | |
| Pre-eclampsia | 0 | 5 (2.9) | 4 (2.6) | 7 (5.4) | 0.555 a | |
| Hydramnios | 0 | 0 | 3 (2.0) | 3 (2.3) | 0.192 a | |
| Gestational Hypertension | 0 | 8 (4.6) | 8 (5.3) | 13 (10.1) | 0.016 a | |
| Cesarean delivery | 1 (14.3) | 39 (22.3) | 41 (27.2) | 51 (40.3) | 0.008 a | |
| Neonatal Outcomes | ||||||
| LGA birthweight | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 6 (4.0) | 9 (7.0) | 0.019 a | |
| Prematurity | 1 (14.3) | 20 (11.5) | 11 (7.3) | 7 (5.4) | 0.175 a | |
| Neonatal morbidity | 1 (14.3) | 29 (16.6) | 37 (24.7) | 23 (17.8) | 0.285 a | |
| Neonatal Hypoglycemia | 0 | 5 (2.9) | 7 (4.7) | 2 (1.6) | 0.484 a | |
| Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia | 0 | 24 (13.8) | 22 (14.7) | 18 (14.0) | 0.933 a | |
| Neonatal RDS | 0 | 8 (4.6) | 6 (4.0) | 2 (1.6) | 0.477 a | |
| NICU admissions | 0 | 19 (10.9) | 21 (14.0) | 8 (6.3) | 0.170 a | |
Data presented as n (%).
Footnote: GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; GWG: gestational weight gain; LGA: large-for-gestational-age; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; RDS: respiratory distress syndrome.
a
Fisher's exact test.