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. 2022 Dec 16;2(1):pgac295. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac295

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the National Academy of Sciences.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2. — True-color evolution of the snow cover spans snowfall (A and B) and its ablation in late January (C) preceding the February 2017 ROS event (D and E). Orange contours show the regional snowline elevation as in Fig. 1C. The Alta station monitors both weather and soil, and is located in this ephemeral snow region transitioning from snow-covered to snow-free (F). Air and dewpoint temperatures at surface stations in this ephemeral elevation range (960 to 1,312m) gradually approach and exceed 0°C (G), with corresponding fluctuations in Alta’s soil moisture despite no responses in subdaily streamflow (H). These indicate that the ephemeral snow melted (as opposed to sublimated), a result corroborated by distributed model estimates of minimal snowmelt and soil moisture response (I).