Fig. 1.

Stabilized lipid-lowering therapies (A) and ESC/EAS goal attainment (B) in Germany

ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; EAS = European Atherosclerosis Society; ESC = European Society of Cardiology; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LLT = lipid-lowering therapy; PCSK9 mAb = proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibody. ^a corresponds to “All LLT – stabilized LLT” in the German cohort in Table 2. Stabilized LLT was defined as no change in LLT dose or regimen for at least 28 days prior to LDL-C measurement. Patients who were in secondary prevention at the visit date, but whose first ASCVD event occurred after the date of their stabilized LDL-C were categorized as primary prevention patients. 2016/2019 risk-based LDL-C goals used for analysis [9,10]:

•Low risk: 2016/2019, <116 mg/dL

•Moderate risk: 2016, <116 mg/dL; 2019, <100 mg/dL

•High risk: 2016, <100 mg/dL; 2019, <70 mg/dL

•Very high risk: 2016, <70 mg/dL; 2019, <55 mg/dL.