Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Cases | Controls | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects (%) | 211 (10%) | 1849 (90%) | – |
| Sex (female %) | 64% | 43% | – |
| Age, years | 41(±4) | 37(±5) | <2.2e-16 |
| Traditional risk factors | |||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.3 (±14.4) | 87.4 (±12.8) | <2.2e-16 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.3(±5.3) | 25.7(±4.6) | 4.3e-11 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128 (±15) | 120 (±14) | 1.9e-13 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (±12) | 75 (±11) | 8.2e-09 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.3 (±0.9) | 5.0 (±0.9) | 0.0001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.3 (±0.8) | 3.1 (±0.8) | 4.9e-05 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.2 (±0.3) | 1.4 (±0.3) | 1.7e-08 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.6 (±0.8) | 1.3 (±0.7) | 6.7e-08 |
| Serum glucose (mmol/l) | 5.6 (±1) | 5.3 (±0.8) | 5.2e-05 |
| Insulin (mU/l) | 15.5 (±46.7) | 8.5 (±7.7) | 0.03 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 2.4 (±7.1) | 1.8 (±3.1) | 0.21 |
| Daily smoking (%) | 45 (21%) | 333 (18%) | 0.28 |
| Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) (mm) | 0.82 (±0.07) | 0.60 (±0.07) | <2.2e-16 |