Table 2.

Refractive Changes in Patients with Preoperative, One Month, and One Year Measurements

ParameterN=133	Preop Mean ± SD (Range)	One Month Postop Mean ± SD (Range)	p-valuea	One Year Postop Mean ± SD (Range)	p-valueb	Differencec Mean ± SD (Range)	p-valued
Sphere, D	−0.006±1.169 (−4.25 to +5.50)	0.036±1.065 (−3.00 to +5.25)	0.570	0.004±0.961 (−3.00 to +5.00)	0.731	−0.032±0.585 (−4.00 to +1.75)	0.979
Cylinder, D	−0.828±0.609 (−2.75 to 0.00)	−0.737±0.570 (−3.00 to 0.00)	0.011*	−0.735±0.557 (−3.00 to 0.00)	0.058	0.002±0.457 (−1.38 to +1.50)	0.874
SE, D	−0.427±1.140 (−4.75 to +5.13)	−0.361±1.051 (−3.75 to +4.88)	0.588	−0.364±0.970 (−3.25 to +4.63)	0.566	−0.003±0.674 (−4.00 to +2.25)	0.901
Axis, degrees	99.51±49.31 (3.00 to 180.00)	100.70±52.72 (1.00 to 180.00)	0.375	95.08±51.24 (4.00 to 180.00)	0.313	−5.66±48.20‡ (−167.00 to +164.00)	0.572
CDVA, logMAR	0.173±0.201 (0.00 to +1.00)	0.046±0.113 (−0.12 to +0.80)	<0.0001*	0.069±0.193 (−0.13 to +1.48)	<0.0001*	0.023±0.145 (−0.18 to +1.30)	0.124

Notes: *Statistically significant with a p-value <0.05. ^‡Positive differences refer to counterclockwise change, negative differences refer to clockwise change. ^aComparing preoperative and one month measurements. ^bComparing preoperative and one year measurements. ^cDifferences between one month and one year postoperative values. ^dComparing one month and one year postoperative measurements.

Abbreviations: CDVA, corrected distance visual acuity; D, diopter; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; SD, standard deviation; SE, spherical equivalent.