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. 2023 Jan 9;61(1):177–188. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2158349

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — The main mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of Polygonum cuspidatum. (a) In Raw 264.7 cells, the extract of Polygonum cuspidatum can decrease the expression of MCP-1, miR155 and the pathway of NF-κB/JNK/STAT directly, and also suppress the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and NO, as well increase the expression of SOCS1. (b) The extract of Polygonum cuspidatum can also treat arthritis in different pathways. It can increase the expression of PPAR-γ, and then the IL-17 as well as p65 are inhibited. In addition, whether the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 or the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can be activated by this plant, their downstream factors, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, HIF-1α, iNOS and NO are induced.