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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sports Med. 2022 Jul 6;52(11):2759–2773. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01719-7

Table 1.

Demographic and descriptive statistics for men and women collegiate athletes

Women Men
(N = 1818) (N = 2449)
Age, mean (SD) 19.1 (1.27) 19.3 (1.44)
Number of previous concussions, n (%)
  1 1367 (75.2%) 1910 (78.0%)
  2 327 (18.0%) 399 (16.3%)
  3 + 124 (6.8%) 140 (5.7%)
Race/Ethnicity, n (%)
  Black 135 (7.4%) 330 (13.5%)
  Other 275 (15.1%) 374 (15.3%)
  White/Non-Hispanic 1408 (77.4%) 1745 (71.3%)
Psychiatric disorders, n (%)
  No 1616 (88.9%) 2340 (95.5%)
  Yes 202 (11.1%) 109 (4.5%)
Neurodevelopmental disorders, n (%)
  No 1639 (90.2%) 2168 (88.5%)
  Yes 179 (9.8%) 281 (11.5%)
Migraine history, n (%)
  No 1588 (87.3%) 2252 (92.0%)
  Yes 230 (12.7%) 197 (8.0%)
  SES, mean (SD) 53.9 (9.06) 52.4 (9.78)
Sport type, n (%)
  Contact sport 804 (44.2%) 1726 (70.5%)
  Limited-contact sport 560 (30.8%) 559 (22.8%)
  Non-contact sport 454 (25.0%) 164 (6.7%)
  Age of first concussion, mean (SD) 15.2 (3.06) 15.0 (3.14)
  BSI-18 Somatic, mean (SD) 1.23 (2.19) 0.832 (1.89)
  BSI-18 Depression, mean (SD) 1.05 (2.23) 0.857 (1.95)
  BSI-18 Anxiety, mean (SD) 1.29 (2.32) 0.848 (1.93)
  BSI-18 Global Severity Index, mean (SD) 3.56 (5.67) 2.54 (4.95)
  BESS, mean (SD) 12.7 (5.87) 13.6 (6.47)
  ImPACT Verbal Memory, mean (SD) 88.8 (10.1) 87.8 (10.3)
  ImPACT Visual Memory, mean (SD) 77.2 (12.9) 79.9 (12.9)
  ImPACT Visual Motor Speed, mean (SD) 42.1 (6.07) 41.6 (6.53)
  ImPACT Reaction Time, mean (SD) 0.583 (0.0786) 0.591 (0.0941)
  ImPACT PCSS Symptom Severity, mean (SD) 5.52 (8.51) 3.23 (5.99)

BESS Balance Error Scoring System, BSI-18 Brief Symptom Inventory 18, ImPACT Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing, PCSS Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, SES socioeconomic status