Table 3.

Results of the hierarchical, generalized linear models for outcomes from men

Predictor	BESS		BSI-18 Global Severity Index		BSI-18 Anxiety		BSI-18 Depression		BSI-18 Somatic
	Exp(B)	95% CI	Exp(B)	95% CI	Exp(B)	95% CI	Exp(B)	95% CI	Exp(B)	95% CI
2 previous concussions	1.03	0.97 – 1.08	1.15	0.93 – 1.42	1.18	0.93 – 1.52	1.10	0.86 – 1.43	1.15	0.90 – 1.48
3 + previous concussions	1.02	0.93 – 1.11	0.96	0.69 – 1.36	0.92	0.63 – 1.39	0.96	0.65 – 1.47	1.01	0.68 – 1.53
Black Race/Ethnicity	1.02	0.97 – 1.09	1.08	0.86 – 1.37	0.90	0.68 – 1.19	1.33*	1.01 – 1.77	1.03	0.78 – 1.36
Other Race/Ethnicity	0.98	0.93 – 1.04	0.97	0.79 – 1.22	1.06	0.83 – 1.37	1.09	0.85 – 1.43	0.78	0.60 – 1.02
Psychiatric disorder	0.99	0.90 – 1.09	2.40**	1.67 – 3.55	2.57**	1.72 – 3.98	2.69**	1.79 – 4.21	1.95**	1.27 – 3.09
Neurodevelopmental disorder	1.06	0.99 – 1.12	0.99	0.77 – 1.27	1.01	0.77 – 1.36	1	0.75 – 1.34	0.96	0.72 – 1.30
Migraine	0.95	0.89 – 1.02	1.35*	1.03 – 1.82	1.22	0.88 – 1.70	1.29	0.93 – 1.83	1.59*	1.15 – 2.23
SES	1	1.00 – 1.00	1.01	1.00 – 1.02	1.01*	1.00 – 1.02	1.00	1.00 – 1.01	1.01	1.00 – 1.02
Limited-contact sport	1	0.92 – 1.09	0.91	0.65 – 1.27	1.06	0.71 – 1.55	0.83	0.56 – 1.22	0.87	0.58 – 1.29
Contact sport	0.98	0.91 – 1.07	0.79	0.57 – 1.06	0.90	0.62 – 1.28	0.67*	0.46 – 0.95	0.82	0.56 – 1.17
AFC	1	1.00 – 1.01	1	0.97 – 1.02	0.98	0.95 – 1.01	1.01	0.98 – 1.04	1	0.97 – 1.03
Observations	2312		2427		2427		2427		2427
Overall model	LRT = 9.67		LRT = 52.99**		LRT = 50.16**		LRT = 47.49**		LRT = 34.74**
Distribution	Negative Binomial		Negative Binomial		Negative Binomial		Negative Binomial		Negative Binomial
Predictor	ImPACT PCSS		ImPACT Verbal Memory		ImPACT Visual Memory		ImPACT Visual Motor Speed Time		ImPACT Reaction
	Exp(B)	95% CI	B	95% CI	B	95% CI	B	95% CI	B	95% CI
2 previous concussions	1.09	0.85 – 1.42	1.31*	0.04 – 2.59	− 0.02	− 1.62 – 1.58	1.15*	0.35 – 1.95	− 0.0083	− 0.0214 – 0.0053
3 + previous concussions	1.29	0.88 – 1.97	1.10	− 0.93 – 3.13	1.87	− 0.69 – 4.43	1.07	− 0.20 – 2.35	− 0.0068	− 0.0273 – 0.0151
Black Race/Ethnicity	0.91	0.70 – 1.20	− 3.55**	− 4.96 – − 2.14	− 4.83**	− 6.60 – − 3.06	− 2.87**	− 3.76 – − 1.99	0.0503**	0.0336 – 0.0676
Other Race/Ethnicity	1.26	0.99 – 1.63	− 0.48	− 1.74 – 0.78	− 1.24	− 2.82 – 0.35	− 0.17	− 0.96 – 0.63	0.0157*	0.0022 – 0.0298
Psychiatric disorder	2.13**	1.40 – 3.39	0.75	− 1.57 – 3.06	− 1.36	− 4.26 – 1.54	0.65	− 0.80 – 2.10	− 0.0136	− 0.0360 – 0.0111
Neurodevelopmental disorder	1.22	0.93 – 1.64	− 3.55**	− 5.01 – − 2.09	− 3.50**	− 5.33 – − 1.66	− 2.24**	− 3.16 – − 1.32	0.0232*	0.0072 – 0.0400
Migraine	1.64**	1.19 – 2.31	− 0.52	− 2.21 – 1.17	− 0.03	− 2.15 – 2.09	− 0.09	− 1.15 – 0.97	− 0.0089	− 0.0258 – 0.0090
SES	1	0.99 – 1.01	− 0.02	− 0.07 – 0.02	0.02	− 0.04 – 0.08	0.06**	0.03 – 0.09	− 0.0008**	− 0.0013 – − 0.0003
Limited-contact sport	0.65*	0.43 – 0.95	1.39	− 0.67 – 3.46	1.60	− 0.99 – 4.19	0.54	− 0.76 – 1.83	− 0.0114	− 0.0340 – 0.0100
Contact sport	0.57**	0.39 – 0.82	1.76	− 0.17 – 3.70	2.48*	0.05 – 4.91	0.97	− 0.25 – 2.18	− 0.0064	− 0.0279 – 0.0136
AFC	0.98	0.95 – 1.01	0.15	− 0.01 – 0.30	− 0.05	− 0.25 – 0.14	0.02	− 0.08 – 0.11	− 0.0005	− 0.0022 – 0.0012
Observations	1870		1911		1909		1911		1910
Overall model	LRT = 54.64**		F = 4.84**		F = 4.74**		F = 9.26**		F = 6.58**
Distribution	Negative Binomial		Gaussian		Gaussian		Gaussian		Inverse Gaussiim

AFC age of first concussion, BESS Balance Error Scoring System, BSI-18 Brief Symptom Inventory 18, ImPACT Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing, LRT Likelihood ratio test, PCSS Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, SES socioeconomic status

^*P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.005