Table 3. Indications of PEG tube insertion.

Indications	Diseases
Long-term partial failure of intestinal function requiring supplementary intake	• Short bowel, fistulae, cystic fibrosis
Neuromuscular disorders of swallowing/psychomotor retardation	• Motor neuron disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
	• Multiple sclerosis, cerebral tumor
	• Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular accident, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, cerebral palsy.
	• Dementia, psychomotor retardation
Reduced level of consciousness	• Head injury, intensive care patients, prolonged coma
Mechanical obstruction	• Head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer
Miscellaneous long-term failure of oral feeding, long-term difficulty in swallowing is expected	• Burns
	• Congenital anomaly (e.g., trachea esophageal fistula)
	• Fistulae
	• Cystic fibrosis
	• Short bowel syndrome (e.g., after surgery for Crohn’s disease)
	• Facial surgery
	• Poly-trauma
	• Chronic renal failure
	• Gastric decompression
	• Abdominal malignancy

PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.