Table 4. Contraindications of PEG tube insertion.

Absolute contraindications	Relative contraindications
• Serious coagulation disorders or bleeding tendency	• Oral eating is expected to be possible in a short period of time after rehabilitation
• Partial or subtotal gastrectomy	• Non-obstructing oropharyngeal or esophageal malignancy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, esophageal obstruction
• Esophageal/gastric varices	• Extreme obesity
• Hemodynamic instability	• Previous midline laparotomy (can hinder the location of the puncture site)
• Short life expectancy (less than 1 month)
• Sepsis
• Severe ascites
• Peritoneal dialysis
• Peritonitis
• Abdominal wall infection at the selected site of placement
• Marked peritoneal carcinomatosis
• Endoscopic access is impossible due to an esophageal or oropharyngeal obstruction
• Colonic interposition
• Cardiorespiratory disease that prevents endoscopy

PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.