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. 2023 Jan 11;18(1):e0279738. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279738

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© 2023 Hu et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 1 — (a) One-way travel time vs. number of vehicles for 118 metro areas in the US from 2013–2018. (b) One way travel time ratio vs capacity ratio for 118 metro areas in the US. Metro areas appear on different portions of a universal BPR curve. For the two end points of each line, the dot denotes the 2013 conditions, while the triangle denotes the 2018 conditions. (c) Metro areas shift along the universal BPR curve under a 25% shift away from transit and carpool to SOVs. Grey lines correspond to all 118 metro areas in the dataset.