Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios for class membership according to maternal and paternal height, BMI, and weight status.
| Lower normal weight (referent) | Higher normal weight | Normal weight increasing to overweight | Overweight decreasing to normal weight | Overweight increasing to obesity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x̄ or % | x̄ or % | OR (95% CI) | x̄ or % | OR (95% CI) | x̄ or % | OR (95% CI) | x̄ or % | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Boys | ||||||||||
| Mother | ||||||||||
| Model 1 | Height (cm/10) | 16.21 | 16.21 | 0.87 (0.73, 1.02) | 16.27 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.11) | 16.30 | 1.18 (0.96, 1.46) | 16.23 | 0.86 (0.74, 0.99) |
| Model 2 | BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 | 25.3 | 1.13 (1.09, 1.17) | 26.1 | 1.16 (1.14, 1.19) | 25.2 | 1.12 (1.08, 1.16) | 28.9 | 1.25 (1.22, 1.29) |
| Model 3 | Weight Status | |||||||||
| Normal weight (referent) | 71.8 | 57.6 | – | 48.7 | – | 55.7 | – | 26.4 | – | |
| Overweight | 22.0 | 30.0 | 1.73 (1.31, 2.24) | 32.9 | 2.16 (1.76, 2.65) | 30.1 | 1.69 (1.20, 2.38) | 35.2 | 3.93 (3.01, 5.14) | |
| Obese | 6.2 | 12.4 | 2.47 (1.64, 3.77) | 18.4 | 3.82 (2.82, 5.19) | 14.2 | 2.62 (1.58, 4.33) | 38.4 | 11.65 (8.39, 16.17) | |
| Father | ||||||||||
| Model 4 | Height (cm/10) | 17.53 | 17.61 | 1.01 (0.86, 1.19) | 17.59 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 17.56 | 1.05 (0.83, 1.31) | 17.66 | 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) |
| Model 5 | BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 | 25.6 | 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) | 27.2 | 1.18 (1.14, 1.22) | 25.9 | 1.11 (1.06, 1.17) | 28.5 | 1.22 (1.18, 1.27) |
| Model 6 | Weight Status | |||||||||
| Normal weight (referent) | 60.7 | 46.1 | – | 30.3 | – | 42.4 | – | 26.2 | – | |
| Overweight | 33.1 | 45.4 | 1.64 (1.27, 2.11) | 49.7 | 2.53 (2.02, 3.17) | 43.7 | 1.78 (1.25, 2.52) | 38.9 | 2.03 (1.48, 2.78) | |
| Obese | 6.2 | 8.5 | 1.39 (0.82, 2.38) | 20.0 | 4.15 (2.96, 5.81) | 13.9 | 2.73 (1.57, 4.76) | 34.9 | 6.08 (4.18, 8.84) | |
| Girls | ||||||||||
| Mother | ||||||||||
| Model 7 | Height (cm/10) | 16.16 | 16.29 | 1.10 (0.94, 1.28) | 16.27 | 1.08 (0.95, 1.23) | 16.18 | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | 16.31 | 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) |
| Model 8 | BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 | 24.7 | 1.13 (1.09, 1.17) | 26.9 | 1.24 (1.20, 1.28) | 25.5 | 1.18 (1.14, 1.22) | 29.5 | 1.31 (1.27, 1.35) |
| Model 9 | Weight Status | |||||||||
| Normal weight (referent) | 76.1 | 62.9 | – | 40.0 | – | 54.8 | – | 26.7 | – | |
| Overweight | 18.7 | 28.5 | 1.86 (1.44, 2.41) | 37.1 | 3.54 (2.82, 4.45) | 30.5 | 2.22 (1.64, 3.01) | 32.7 | 4.27 (3.08, 5.91) | |
| Obese | 5.2 | 8.6 | 1.89 (1.18, 3.03) | 22.9 | 6.78 (4.84, 9.50) | 14.7 | 3.69 (2.37, 5.76) | 40.6 | 14.16 (9.49, 21.13) | |
| Father | ||||||||||
| Model 10 | Height (cm/10) | 17.51 | 17.65 | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) | 17.57 | 0.94 (0.82, 1.08) | 17.62 | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) | 17.58 | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) |
| Model 11 | BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 | 25.6 | 1.10 (1.06, 1.15) | 27.1 | 1.22 (1.18, 1.26) | 26.0 | 1.15 (1.11, 1.20) | 29.6 | 1.31 (1.26, 1.37) |
| Model 12 | Weight Status | |||||||||
| Normal weight (referent) | 63.3 | 47.2 | – | 31.9 | – | 38.1 | – | 18.1 | – | |
| Overweight | 31.3 | 44.4 | 1.65 (1.29, 2.11) | 49.4 | 2.57 (2.04, 3.23) | 51.4 | 2.46 (1.83, 3.31) | 40.9 | 3.00 (1.97, 4.56) | |
| Obese | 5.4 | 8.4 | 1.47 (0.90, 2.40) | 18.7 | 4.29 (2.99, 6.15) | 10.5 | 2.52 (1.45, 4.37) | 41.0 | 10.52 (6.62, 16.73) | |
Means/proportions and odds ratios weighted by estimated class probabilities using the 3-step BCH approach in Mplus, using FIML to handle missing data.
Models adjusted for ethnicity, maternal or paternal age, tenure, occupational class, maternal age left full-time education, and birth cohort.