Table 1.
Patient clinical and socioeconomic characteristics by inpatient or outpatient cases
| Overall | Inpatient | Outpatient | ORa | CIb 95% | p* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| All cases | 1,163,039 | 652,599 (56.11%) | 510,440 (43.89%) | ||||
| Age < = 65 years | 701,918 | 347,824 (53.3%) | 354,094 (69.4%) | 1.985 | 1.969 | 2.000 | < 0.001 |
| Age groups | |||||||
| 15–44 years | 222,038 | 100,682 (15.4%) | 121,356 (23.8%) | 1.710 | 1.694 | 1.726 | < 0.001 |
| 45–64 years | 479,880 | 247,142 (37.9%) | 232,738 (45.6%) | 1.375 | 1.365 | 1.385 | < 0.001 |
| 65–74 years | 296,197 | 162,026 (24.8%) | 102,767 (20.1%) | 0.763 | 0.757 | 0.770 | < 0.001 |
| > 74 years | 196,328 | 142,749 (21.9%) | 53,579 (10.5%) | 0.419 | 0.414 | 0.423 | < 0.001 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 1,043,077 | 587,479 (90.0%) | 455,598 (89.3%) | 0.921 | 0.910 | 0.932 | < 0.001 |
| Female | 142,807 | 65,020 (10.0%) | 54,772 (10.7%) | 1.086 | 1.073 | 1.099 | < 0.001 |
| Laterality | |||||||
| Unilateral repair | 1,058,384 | 572,862 (87.8%) | 485,522 (95.2%) | 2.712 | 2.672 | 2.752 | < 0.001 |
| Bilateral repair | 104,655 | 79,737 (12.2%) | 24.918 (4.9%) | 0.369 | 0.363 | 0.374 | < 0.001 |
| Recurrence | |||||||
| No (primary hernia) | 1,082,839 | 596,082 (91.3%) | 486,757 (95.4%) | 1.949 | 1.918 | 1.979 | < 0.001 |
| Recurrent hernia | 80,200 | 56,517 (8.7%) | 23,683 (4.6%) | 0.513 | 0.505 | 0.521 | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | 209,924 | 156,055 (23.9%) | 53,869 (10.6%) | 0.375 | 0.371 | 0.379 | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 111,224 | 78,825 (12.1%) | 32,399 (6.3%) | 0.493 | 0.487 | 0.500 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 64,787 | 48,906 (7.5%) | 15,881 (3.1%) | 0.396 | 0.389 | 0.404 | < 0.001 |
| COPDc | 47,299 | 37,122 (5.7%) | 10,177 (2.0%) | 0.337 | 0.330 | 0.345 | < 0.001 |
| Obesity | 15,733 | 10,173 (1.6%) | 5,560 (1.1%) | 0.695 | 0.673 | 0.719 | < 0.001 |
| Tobacco use | 69,427 | 42,708 (6.5%) | 26,719 (5.2%) | 0.789 | 0.776 | 0.801 | < 0.001 |
| Surgical approach | |||||||
| Open | 1,132,465 | 633,882 (97.1%) | 498,583 (97.7%) | 1.241 | 1..213 | 1.271 | < 0.001 |
| Laparoscopic | 30,574 | 18,717 (2.9%) | 11,857 (2.3%) | 0.805 | 0.787 | 0.824 | < 0.001 |
| Insurance type | |||||||
| Public | 977,943 | 500,999 (76.8%) | 476,944 (93.4%) | 4.309 | 4.255 | 4.363 | < 0.001 |
| No insurance/self-pay | 72,461 | 65.418 (10.0%) | 7,043 (1.4%) | 0.126 | 0.122 | 0.129 | < 0.001 |
| Private insurance | 46,001 | 38,704 (5.9%) | 7,297 (1.4%) | 0.230 | 0.224 | 0.236 | < 0.001 |
| Other funds | 66,634 | 47,478 (7.3%) | 19,156 (3.8%) | 0.497 | 0.488 | 0.506 | < 0.001 |
| Hospital ownership | |||||||
| Public | 942,889 | 472,409 (72.4%) | 470,480 (92.2%) | 4.491 | 4.439 | 4.543 | < 0.001 |
| Private | 220,150 | 180,190 (27.6%) | 39,960 (7.8%) | 0.223 | 0.220 | 0.225 | < 0.001 |
*Chi-square test
aOR odds ratio
bCI confidence interval
cCOPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease