TABLE 2.

Epithelial cytokine gene expression

Stimulant	Mean (range)a fold increase over unstimulated control
	IL-1α	IL-1β	IL-6	TNF-α	IL-8	MCP-1
IL-1β (20 ng/ml)	6.4 (4.9–9.3)	2.7 (2.4–3.5)	3.4 (2.5–4.2)	2.4 (2.1–2.9)	29.1 (12.5–44.8)	9.4 (5.2–25.8)
LOS (0.21 μg/ml)	0.3 (0.1–0.5)	1.5 (1.3–1.8)	1.4 (1.1–1.7)	2.8 (1.7–3.6)	11.0 (7.5–14.4)	10.1 (7.4–14.8)
AAr176p+ (5 × 107 cfu/ml)	5.3 (4.1–6.3)	2.8 (2.3–3.9)	6.3 (4.6–7.0)	7.1 (4.2–9.3)	39.9 (27.7–48.9)	18.2 (15.9–23.8)
AAr176p+/LOSb	17.7*	1.9	4.5*	2.5*	3.6*	1.8

^aEpithelial cytokine stimulation was performed as for Fig. 2 and 3. Means are averages of values from six different experiments. 

^bRatio of whole cells over purified LOS. Values from Student's paired t tests with P values of <0.05 indicated with asterisks.