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. 2023 Jan 11;6:26. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04414-z

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Fig. 8 — a The F_o rotor of the State 2 down sub-state trails the State 2 half-up sub-state by two c subunit steps in the synthesis direction. b When the F_o motor is driven in the synthesis direction, the central stalk is unclamped and the εNTD is pushed away from the εCTH1 binding site on γ, reducing the likelihood of the up conformation. c When the F_o motor is driven in the reverse direction, the central stalk is closed and the εNTD is pushed towards the εCTH1 binding site on γ, increasing the likelihood of the up conformation.