Calcium handling protein CASQ2 (calsequestrin) is higher, and PLN (phospholamban) levels are lower in AS and MR. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2), a crucial receptor in cardiac calcium-dependent excitation, is down-regulated in AS. In addition, ATP2A2 (SERCA2a), a calcium pump, is lower in abundance in AS, whereas HRC (sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein) is up-regulated. Taken together, the changes in calcium handling may lead to contractile dysfunction. In case of ambiguous gene symbols, the majority protein ID is shown in brackets. AS, aortic valve stenosis; CON, healthy control hearts; MR, mitral valve regurgitation.