. 2022 Jun 30;36(2):284–294. doi: 10.5713/ab.22.0099

Table 7.

Effects of in ovo feeding of γ-aminobutyric acid and embryonic thermal manipulation on relative hepatic gene expression in broiler chickens

Genes	Treatments¹⁾				SEM	p-value

	CON	G10	TM	G10+TM
SOD	1.00	1.58	1.28	2.36	0.33	0.522
CAT	1.00	1.59	3.22	4.41	0.61	0.171
GPx1	1.00^a	1.31^ab	1.59^ab	2.04^b	0.19	0.039
NOX1	1.00^B	0.28^A	0.52^AB	0.43^A	0.09	0.007
NOX4	1.00	0.41	0.55	0.57	0.11	0.274
ACC	1.00	2.26	2.17	0.41	0.52	0.573
FAS	1.00	1.89	1.02	0.84	0.17	0.124
NRF2	1.00	2.26	1.01	1.23	0.22	0.123
EXFABP	1.00	0.91	0.51	0.21	0.11	0.283
PPAR-γ	1.00	0.99	0.99	0.43	0.14	0.497

Values were obtained from n = 5 repetitions per treatment.

SEM, standard error of the mean; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx1, glutathione peroxidase 1; NOX1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1; NOX4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; EXFABP, extracellular fatty acid-binding protein; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.

¹⁾

The treatments are described as follows: CON, control eggs without in ovo injection and incubated at standard temperature; G10, eggs injected at 17.5 days of incubation with 0.6 mL of 10% γ-aminobutyric acid dissolved in distilled water; TM, thermally manipulated eggs exposed to 39.6°C for 6 h daily from embryonic day 10 to 18; G10+TM, eggs that received both previous treatments during incubation. Chicks obtained were grown for 28 days.

^a,b

Means in a row that possess different superscripts differ significantly (p<0.05).

^A,B

Means in a row that possess different superscripts differ significantly (p<0.01).