Table I.

Baseline patient characteristics

Variable	Overall (n = 136)
Age, years	64.9 ± 1.0
Male sex	86 (63.2)
Race
White	49 (36.0)
Black	80 (58.8)
Other/unknown	7 (5.2)
Insurance status
Medicare/Medicaid	103 (75.7)
Private	31 (22.8)
Other	2 (1.5)
Diabetes mellitus
Insulin dependent	11 (8.1)
Non-insulin dependent	125 (91.9)
Baseline hemoglobin A1c, %	8.25 ± 2.2
Comorbidity
Hypertension	124 (91.2)
Dyslipidemia	98 (72.1)
Coronary artery disease	92 (45.6)
Congestive heart failure	28 (20.6)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	7 (5.2)
Cerebrovascular disease	26 (19.1)
Chronic kidney disease	31 (22.8)
Dialysis	23 (16.9)
Retinopathy	45 (33.1)
Neuropathy with loss of protective sensation	133 (97.8)
Smoking status
Current	28 (20.6)
Former	51 (37.5)
Never	57 (41.9)

Data presented as mean ± standard error or number (%).