Table 2.
Distribution of DASS-21 scores by sociodemographic factors (Health and wellbeing of Icelanders 2017)
| DASS-21 Depression score | DASS-21 Anxiety score | DASS-21 Stress score | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Medium | High | Normal | Medium | High | Normal | Medium | High | ||||||||||
| < 10 | 10 to 20 | > 20 | < 8 | 8 to 14 | > 14 | < 15 | 15 to 25 | > 25 | ||||||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||||||||
| 18–29 | 242 | 68.8 | 74 | 21.0 | 36 | 10.2 | 288 | 80.5 | 47 | 13.1 | 23 | 6.4 | 270 | 76.7 | 59 | 16.8 | 23 | 6.5 |
| 30–39 | 471 | 75.4 | 116 | 18.6 | 38 | 6.1 | 527 | 84.5 | 74 | 11.9 | 23 | 3.7 | 520 | 82.2 | 85 | 13.4 | 28 | 4.4 |
| 40–49 | 743 | 79.4 | 153 | 16.4 | 40 | 4.3 | 842 | 89.8 | 75 | 8.0 | 21 | 2.2 | 806 | 86.7 | 106 | 11.4 | 18 | 1.9 |
| 50–59 | 941 | 79.2 | 188 | 15.8 | 59 | 5.0 | 1060 | 88.2 | 108 | 9.0 | 34 | 2.8 | 1065 | 89.0 | 109 | 9.1 | 23 | 1.9 |
| 60–69 | 1166 | 81.7 | 216 | 15.1 | 45 | 3.2 | 1285 | 89.1 | 120 | 8.3 | 37 | 2.6 | 1326 | 92.9 | 86 | 6.0 | 16 | 1.1 |
| 70 > | 1326 | 80.0 | 277 | 16.7 | 54 | 3.3 | 1476 | 87.3 | 178 | 10.5 | 37 | 2.2 | 1588 | 95.0 | 65 | 3.9 | 19 | 1.1 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 2638 | 78.5 | 565 | 16.8 | 156 | 4.6 | 2908 | 85.3 | 380 | 11.2 | 120 | 3.5 | 2997 | 89.1 | 287 | 8.5 | 78 | 2.3 |
| Male | 2247 | 79.8 | 454 | 16.1 | 115 | 4.1 | 2562 | 90.3 | 221 | 7.8 | 54 | 1.9 | 2570 | 90.5 | 221 | 7.8 | 49 | 1.7 |
| Education | ||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 1305 | 73.7 | 359 | 20.3 | 108 | 6.1 | 1491 | 82.6 | 236 | 13.1 | 78 | 4.3 | 1585 | 89.0 | 155 | 8.7 | 42 | 2.4 |
| Middle | 1977 | 80.9 | 375 | 15.3 | 93 | 3.8 | 2208 | 89.2 | 214 | 8.6 | 54 | 2.2 | 2230 | 90.5 | 189 | 7.7 | 46 | 1.9 |
| University | 1558 | 81.7 | 280 | 14.7 | 69 | 3.6 | 1728 | 90.5 | 144 | 7.5 | 38 | 2.0 | 1703 | 89.4 | 163 | 8.6 | 39 | 2.1 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||||||||
| Married/ cohabiting | 3668 | 82.2 | 638 | 14.3 | 155 | 3.5 | 4010 | 89.0 | 389 | 8.6 | 105 | 2.3 | 4046 | 90.3 | 348 | 7.8 | 85 | 1.9 |
| Dating | 97 | 69.3 | 32 | 22.9 | 11 | 7.9 | 111 | 78.2 | 20 | 14.1 | 11 | 7.8 | 117 | 81.8 | 18 | 12.6 | 8 | 5.6 |
| Divorced | 194 | 74.9 | 59 | 22.8 | 6 | 2.3 | 231 | 88.5 | 22 | 8.4 | 8 | 3.1 | 229 | 88.1 | 27 | 10.4 | 4 | 1.5 |
| Single | 569 | 66.9 | 201 | 23.7 | 80 | 9.4 | 714 | 82.8 | 115 | 13.3 | 33 | 3.8 | 729 | 85.9 | 97 | 11.4 | 23 | 2.7 |
| Widowed | 345 | 76.8 | 87 | 19.4 | 17 | 3.8 | 391 | 85.0 | 53 | 11.5 | 16 | 3.5 | 433 | 95.4 | 16 | 3.5 | 5 | 1.1 |
| How easy making ends meet | ||||||||||||||||||
| Very easy | 1610 | 85.5 | 233 | 12.4 | 40 | 2.1 | 1782 | 93.6 | 101 | 5.3 | 20 | 1.1 | 1774 | 94.1 | 98 | 5.2 | 14 | 0.7 |
| Rather easy | 1526 | 82.4 | 271 | 14.6 | 54 | 2.9 | 1665 | 89.2 | 165 | 8.8 | 37 | 2.0 | 1699 | 91.3 | 133 | 7.2 | 29 | 1.6 |
| Neither nor | 1243 | 76.9 | 289 | 17.9 | 85 | 5.3 | 1406 | 85.5 | 182 | 11.1 | 57 | 3.5 | 1442 | 88.5 | 148 | 9.1 | 40 | 2.5 |
| Rather difficult | 387 | 63.1 | 169 | 27.6 | 57 | 9.3 | 469 | 75.5 | 118 | 19.0 | 34 | 5.5 | 499 | 80.7 | 89 | 14.4 | 30 | 4.9 |
| Very difficult | 48 | 38.4 | 43 | 34.4 | 34 | 27.2 | 74 | 59.7 | 25 | 20.2 | 25 | 20.2 | 73 | 59.4 | 36 | 29.3 | 14 | 11.4 |
| Urban/rural | ||||||||||||||||||
| Urban | 2405 | 80.0 | 496 | 16.5 | 107 | 3.6 | 2667 | 88.1 | 286 | 9.5 | 74 | 2.4 | 2711 | 90.1 | 246 | 8.2 | 51 | 1.7 |
| Rural | 2477 | 78.3 | 522 | 16.5 | 165 | 5.2 | 2803 | 87.1 | 315 | 9.8 | 99 | 3.1 | 2853 | 89.4 | 262 | 8.2 | 76 | 2.4 |
| Employment | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unemployed | 87 | 60.8 | 33 | 23.1 | 23 | 16.1 | 105 | 72.9 | 26 | 18.1 | 13 | 9.0 | 112 | 79.4 | 21 | 14.9 | 8 | 5.7 |
| Not unemployed | 4710 | 79.8 | 953 | 16.1 | 243 | 4.1 | 5254 | 88.0 | 560 | 9.4 | 157 | 2.6 | 5341 | 90.0 | 477 | 8.0 | 119 | 2.0 |
| Taking medication for anxiety | ||||||||||||||||||
| Currently | 241 | 46.6 | 167 | 32.3 | 109 | 21.1 | 311 | 59.9 | 128 | 24.7 | 80 | 15.4 | 352 | 68.5 | 112 | 21.8 | 50 | 9.7 |
| Previously | 329 | 62.8 | 153 | 29.2 | 42 | 8.0 | 397 | 75.2 | 105 | 19.9 | 26 | 4.9 | 424 | 80.0 | 90 | 17.0 | 16 | 3.0 |
| Never | 4256 | 84.2 | 686 | 13.6 | 115 | 2.3 | 4698 | 91.7 | 359 | 7.0 | 66 | 1.3 | 4724 | 92.9 | 301 | 5.9 | 59 | 1.2 |
| Taking medication for depression | ||||||||||||||||||
| Currently | 145 | 37.0 | 137 | 35.0 | 110 | 28.1 | 240 | 60.5 | 91 | 22.9 | 66 | 16.6 | 255 | 64.7 | 92 | 23.4 | 47 | 11.9 |
| Previously | 186 | 55.5 | 109 | 32.5 | 40 | 11.9 | 248 | 73.8 | 67 | 19.9 | 21 | 6.3 | 260 | 76.3 | 61 | 17.9 | 20 | 5.9 |
| Never | 4496 | 83.7 | 761 | 14.2 | 117 | 2.2 | 4923 | 90.5 | 432 | 7.9 | 85 | 1.6 | 4986 | 92.4 | 351 | 6.5 | 58 | 1.1 |
| Taking medication for other mental | ||||||||||||||||||
| Currently | 61 | 40.4 | 51 | 33.8 | 39 | 25.8 | 84 | 54.6 | 30 | 19.5 | 40 | 26.0 | 85 | 55.9 | 45 | 29.6 | 22 | 14.5 |
| Previously | 101 | 57.7 | 49 | 28.0 | 25 | 14.3 | 132 | 73.7 | 36 | 20.1 | 11 | 6.2 | 134 | 74.4 | 33 | 18.3 | 13 | 7.2 |
| Never | 4664 | 81.0 | 904 | 15.7 | 191 | 3.3 | 5185 | 89.1 | 519 | 8.9 | 118 | 2.0 | 5272 | 91.2 | 418 | 7.2 | 89 | 1.5 |