Table 3.
The relative risk ratio of medium and high DASS-21 scores compared to normal scores (Health and wellbeing of Icelanders 2017)
| n = 5762 | n = 5827 | n = 5790 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium VS Normal | High VS Normal | Medium VS Normal | High VS Normal | Medium VS Normal | High VS Normal | |||||||
| RRR | 95%CI | RRR | 95%CI | RRR | 95%CI | RRR | 95%CI | RRR | 95%CI | RRR | 95%CI | |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| 18–29 | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| 30–39 | 0.86 | 0.60–1.25 | 0.53 | 0.30–0.96 | 0.93 | 0.60–1.45 | 0.50 | 0.24–1.05 | 0.68 | 0.45–1.02 | 0.58 | 0.30–1.14 |
| 40–49 | 0.74 | 0.52–1.05 | 0.38 | 0.22–0.68 | 0.62 | 0.40–0.95 | 0.29 | 0.14–0.61 | 0.55 | 0.37–0.81 | 0.25 | 0.12–0.50 |
| 50–59 | 0.70 | 0.50–0.98 | 0.45 | 0.26–0.76 | 0.71 | 0.47–1.07 | 0.40 | 0.21–0.78 | 0.41 | 0.28–0.61 | 0.22 | 0.11–0.44 |
| 60–69 | 0.68 | 0.49–0.96 | 0.29 | 0.17–0.52 | 0.68 | 0.45–1.02 | 0.42 | 0.21–0.82 | 0.27 | 0.18–0.40 | 0.16 | 0.08–0.34 |
| 70 > | 0.70 | 0.50–0.98 | 0.32 | 0.18–0.57 | 0.82 | 0.54–1.23 | 0.34 | 0.17–0.70 | 0.17 | 0.11–0.26 | 0.20 | 0.09–0.41 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Female | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Male | 1.23 | 1.06–1.44 | 1.71 | 1.25–2.33 | 0.76 | 0.62–0.93 | 0.73 | 0.49–1.07 | 1.26 | 1.03–1.56 | 1.11 | 0.74–1.69 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Basic | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Middle | 0.70 | 0.58–0.84 | 0.70 | 0.49–0.99 | 0.73 | 0.58–0.91 | 0.61 | 0.40–0.92 | 0.83 | 0.64–1.07 | 0.95 | 0.59–1.53 |
| University | 0.68 | 0.55–0.84 | 0.72 | 0.49–1.07 | 0.59 | 0.45–0.77 | 0.48 | 0.30–0.79 | 0.82 | 0.62–1.08 | 0.91 | 0.54–1.55 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Married/cohabiting | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Dating | 1.61 | 1.02–2.52 | 1.48 | 0.64–3.41 | 1.59 | 0.93–2.70 | 1.95 | 0.84–4.52 | 0.93 | 0.52–1.67 | 1.66 | 0.70–3.95 |
| Divorced | 1.63 | 1.17–2.27 | 0.69 | 0.29–1.68 | 0.89 | 0.54–1.45 | 0.81 | 0.32–2.02 | 1.27 | 0.81–1.98 | 0.85 | 0.29–2.45 |
| Single | 1.57 | 1.27–1.92 | 2.06 | 1.46–2.92 | 1.09 | 0.84–1.41 | 0.74 | 0.46–1.20 | 0.97 | 0.74–1.27 | 0.68 | 0.40–1.15 |
| Widowed | 1.25 | 0.92–1.71 | 1.24 | 0.63–2.44 | 0.86 | 0.58–1.28 | 1.23 | 0.61–2.48 | 0.53 | 0.27–1.04 | 0.72 | 0.26–1.98 |
| How easy making ends meet | ||||||||||||
| Very easy | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Rather easy | 1.13 | 0.92–1.38 | 1.27 | 0.80–2.03 | 1.51 | 1.15–1.98 | 1.83 | 0.99–3.38 | 1.38 | 1.04–1.83 | 1.94 | 0.98–3.83 |
| Neither nor | 1.35 | 1.10–1.65 | 2.05 | 1.32–3.17 | 1.82 | 1.38–2.38 | 2.84 | 1.58–5.09 | 1.57 | 1.18–2.09 | 2.81 | 1.47–5.40 |
| Rather difficult | 2.35 | 1.83–3.02 | 3.91 | 2.41–6.33 | 3.20 | 2.34–4.38 | 4.03 | 2.10–7.74 | 2.28 | 1.63–3.19 | 4.74 | 2.36–9.52 |
| Very difficult | 3.37 | 2.08–5.44 | 11.19 | 5.80–21.57 | 3.23 | 1.87–5.58 | 12.35 | 5.62–27.14 | 5.06 | 3.01–8.52 | 11.55 | 4.75–28.04 |
| Urban/rural | ||||||||||||
| Urban | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Rural | 0.94 | 0.81–1.10 | 1.53 | 1.13–2.07 | 0.91 | 0.75–1.10 | 1.12 | 0.78–1.61 | 0.95 | 0.77–1.16 | 1.35 | 0.91–2.01 |
| Employment | ||||||||||||
| Unemployed | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Notunemployed | 0.75 | 0.47–1.19 | 0.42 | 0.22–0.79 | 0.57 | 0.35–0.94 | 0.58 | 0.26–1.30 | 0.82 | 0.46–1.47 | 0.66 | 0.28–1.58 |
| Taking medication for anxiety | ||||||||||||
| Currently | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Previously | 1.04 | 0.74–1.48 | 0.73 | 0.42–1.25 | 0.83 | 0.57–1.21 | 0.51 | 0.27–0.96 | 1.02 | 0.68–1.54 | 0.54 | 0.25–1.18 |
| Never | 0.52 | 0.39–0.70 | 0.30 | 0.19–0.48 | 0.31 | 0.22–0.43 | 0.19 | 0.11–0.32 | 0.39 | 0.27–0.55 | 0.42 | 0.22–0.78 |
| Taking medication for depression | ||||||||||||
| Currently | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Previously | 0.69 | 0.46–1.03 | 0.39 | 0.22–0.70 | 0.93 | 0.59–1.48 | 0.72 | 0.36–1.46 | 0.77 | 0.48–1.25 | 0.67 | 0.32–1.39 |
| Never | 0.34 | 0.25–0.47 | 0.13 | 0.08–0.21 | 0.65 | 0.45–0.93 | 0.42 | 0.24–0.73 | 0.62 | 0.42–0.92 | 0.21 | 0.11–0.39 |
| Taking medication for other mental | ||||||||||||
| Currently | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | reference group | ||||||
| Previously | 0.68 | 0.38–1.21 | 0.76 | 0.36–1.61 | 0.77 | 0.41–1.47 | 0.25 | 0.11–0.59 | 0.55 | 0.30–1.01 | 0.63 | 0.27–1.50 |
| Never | 0.52 | 0.33–0.82 | 0.35 | 0.20–0.62 | 0.68 | 0.41–1.12 | 0.20 | 0.11–0.35 | 0.38 | 0.24–0.59 | 0.29 | 0.15–0.55 |