Table 3:
The relationship between resource development and non-drug mortality rates and drug overdose mortality rates
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Non-drug Mortality | Working-Age Non-Drug Mortality | Drug Overdose Mortality | Opioid Overdose Mortality | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| # of operating coal mines (in 10s) | −29.87*** (6.886) | −18.36*** (6.746) | −25.82*** (7.091) | −22.12*** (7.200) | −3.078** (1.195) | −1.339 (0.918) | −2.856*** (1.067) | −1.177 (0.801) |
| # of horizontal O&G wells (in 100s) | −10.99 (6.781) | −7.326 (5.452) | −0.832 (1.848) | −1.139 (1.788) | 0.113 (0.236) | 0.360 (0.280) | −0.0146 (0.172) | 0.244 (0.198) |
| # of operating coal mines (in 10s), 0 < X ≤ 25 miles | −1.858 (2.800) | −5.434* (2.880) | −1.773 (2.051) | −4.487** (2.113) | 0.314 (0.403) | 0.281 (0.427) | 0.247 (0.365) | 0.289 (0.383) |
| # of operating coal mines (in 10s), 25 < X ≤ 50 miles | −2.869 (2.033) | −1.876 (2.063) | −2.047 (1.576) | −2.154 (1.623) | 0.155 (0.247) | 0.207 (0.269) | 0.114 (0.224) | 0.212 (0.238) |
| # of horizontal O&G wells (in 100s), 0 < X ≤ 25 miles | −0.919 (1.352) | −1.323 (1.230) | 2.003 (1.748) | 1.967 (1.720) | 0.141 (0.0916) | 0.144 (0.0909) | 0.0992 (0.0680) | 0.0975 (0.0662) |
| # of horizontal O&G wells (in 100s), 25 < X ≤ 50 miles | −3.668*** (0.971) | −1.499 (0.949) | −1.230 (0.815) | −0.624 (0.852) | −0.214*** (0.0587) | −0.192*** (0.0630) | −0.171*** (0.0456) | −0.120** (0.0488) |
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| ||||||||
| # of observations | 32,752 | 32,684 | 32,752 | 32,684 | 32,844 | 32,776 | 32,844 | 32,776 |
| R-squared | 0.848 | 0.856 | 0.692 | 0.704 | 0.438 | 0.478 | 0.458 | 0.509 |
| State*Year FE | NO | YES | NO | YES | NO | YES | NO | YES |
| US counties <= 100 miles from shale/coal basins | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Notes: In this table, we highlight estimates of our baseline model (1) and model (2) including state-by-year FE. All outcomes are death rates per 100,000. In Columns 1–2, the death rate is for total mortality for all people, irrespective of age. In Column 3–4, the outcome variable is the mortality rate of individuals aged 25–65 years old. In Columns 5–6, our outcome variable is the drug overdose rate. In Columns 7–8, our outcome variable is the opioid overdose rate with corrections used based on models discussed in Boslett, Denham, and Hill (2019). All models include county fixed effects, year fixed effects, and interactions between a year vector and the initial mortality rate to control for pre-coal bust and pre-shale boom differences in mortality rates. Statistical significance: 1% level, ***; 5% level, **; and 10% level, *.