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. 2022 Dec 12;42(12):624–642. doi: 10.1089/jir.2022.0053

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Heterogeneous origin and types of cell subsets that compose the TVM population. TIM cell development from SP8 thymocytes when they are exposed to IL-4 and MHC-Ib in the thymus. TVM cells are generated in the periphery from conventional naive cells that emerge from the thymus with a high self-recognition avidity (CD5hi) and their generation is requisitely dependent on IL-15 signaling. While TVM cells and TIM cells were originally distinguished from one another by thymic differential expression of CD44 and CD49d and their dependence on IL-15 versus IL-4, once they emerge into the periphery, the 2 populations are phenotypically indistinguishable. HP memory CD8+ T cells (THP) are produced by homeostatic mechanisms rather than conventional priming and express markers typical of TVM cells (high expression of CD44 and CD122 and low expression of CD49d). THP can be considered part of the TVM pool that resides in SLO and is dependent on IL-7 for survival.