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. 2023 Jan 12;25:7. doi: 10.1186/s13075-022-02966-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Cardiovascular responses to chemical stimulation of vagal afferents with 1-phenylbiguanide (PBG) in males (top) and females (bottom). A In males, heart rate responses were increased in the hypertensive-MCLT+MMT group compared to normotensive-MCLT+MMT; this decrease was not statistically significant in the male sham groups. B In males, blood pressure responses to PBG were enhanced with hypertension, regardless of the surgical group. C No differences were seen in female heart responses to PBG; however, D hypertension resulted in larger blood pressure drops with PBG administration in the MCLT+MMT surgical groups. This difference was not statistically significant in the sham surgical group. Bars indicate p < 0.05 between the groups. Data are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval