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. 2023 Jan 12;21:12. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-01768-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Apoptosis (Annexin V) and cell viability (MTT) analysis. a Apoptosis analysis using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) assay after treatment with CNT, DOX, CNT-DOX, and CNT-DOX with GEN (caveolin endocytosis inhibitor) for 24 h. As a positive control, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used. Data shows significant apoptosis on CNT-DOX compared with DOX. b Bar graphs illustrating apoptosis levels quantified by Annexin in H69AR cells after nanodrug treatment. c Cell viability analysis using an MTT assay after treatment with CNT, DOX, CNT-DOX, Caveolin inhibitor (GEN), and CNT-DOX with GEN for 48. Data shows significant decrease of cell population on CNT-DOX but recovered after treatment of caveolin inhibitor. All data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 10). ***p < 0.001