TABLE 3.
Absolute and relative changes in IVE estimate when adjusting for an additional covariate compared to the reference model adjusted for age, sex, calendar, and season, by age group in the primary care setting
| Change in IVE estimate | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | Adults | Older adults | ||||
| Absolute % Δ | Relative Δ (ref = 1.0) | Absolute % Δ | Relative Δ (ref = 1.0) | Absolute % Δ | Relative Δ (ref = 1.0) | |
| Chronic conditions | ||||||
| ≥ 1 | 0.1 (−0.6; 0.7) | 1.00 (0.98; 1.02) | 2.6 (−8.1; 13.3) | 1.02 (0.91; 1.15) | 1.4 (−44.0; 46.9) | 1.02 (0.90; 1.16) |
| ≥ 2 | 0.0 (−0.0; 0.0) | NA (NA; NA) | 0.6 (−2.2; 3.5) | 1.01 (0.97; 1.05) | 0.7 (−7.5; 8.8) | 1.01 (0.88; 1.15) |
| ≥ 3 | NA (NA; NA) | NA (NA; NA) | 0.4 (−0.5; 1.3) | 1.01 (0.99; 1.02) | −1.4 (−14.0; 9.8) | 0.97 (0.67; 1.41) |
| Specific conditions | ||||||
| Cancer | −0.2 (−0.5; 0.3) | 0.99 (0.98; 1.01) | 0.2 (−1.6; 1.9) | 1.00 (1.00; 1.01) | 0.0 (−8.9; 8.8) | 1.00 (0.93; 1.08) |
| Cardiovascular disease | −0.7 (−2.0; 0.4) | 0.97 (0.92; 1.01) | 2.0 (−8.8; 12.8) | 1.04 (1.00; 1.07) | −9.2 (−25.0; 8.2) | 0.90 (0.77; 1.06) |
| Diabetes | ‐ | ‐ | 5.2 (−21.7; 32.1) | 1.03 (0.79; 1.34) | 1.7 (−9.9; 11.7) | 1.02 (0.93; 1.11) |
| Lung disease | −0.0 (−1.3; 1.2) | 1.00 (0.97; 1.03) | −1.8 (−23.8; 20.3) | 1.01 (0.71; 1.44) | 14.0 (−8.6; 34.8) | 1.15 (1.00; 1.34) |
| Obesity | −0.0 (−0.2; 0.2) | 1.00 (0.99; 1.01) | −0.4 (−12.8; 12.0) | 0.99 (0.82; 1.21) | 2.2 (−21.1; 20.7) | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) |
| Renal disease | ‐ | ‐ | 0.3 (−6.2; 6.8) | 1.00 (0.90; 1.12) | −0.6 (−6.8; 4.0) | 0.99 (0.94; 1.04) |
| Healthcare use in past year | ||||||
| Hospitalizations | 0.3 (−0.1; 0.7) | 1.01 (0.99; 1.03) | −0.7 (−10.9; 9.5) | 0.99 (0.87; 1.13) | 1.0 (−0.7; 2.8) | 1.01 (0.98; 1.04) |
| GP visits | −1.3 (−4.2; 1.4) | 0.98 (0.93; 1.03) | 2.4 (−2.2; 6.6) | 1.04 (0.96; 1.12) | 0.2 (−12.2; 11.3) | 1.00 (0.87; 1.15) |
Note: GP: General Practitioner; IVE, influenza vaccine effectiveness.