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. 2022 Dec 26;8(1):1523–1533. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07028

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Experimental images of (a) open air combustion, (b) combustion without an outer bowl, case C1, (c) combustion with only central air swirlers, case C2, and (d) hybrid swirl combustion, case C3, for stoichiometric conditions.