Table 5.
Odds ratio results for univariable multilevel models assessing the effects of poultry production stage, bird species and cgMLST subtype with the carriage of the bla CMY-2 acquired resistance gene and the ColRNAI plasmid replicon type for Salmonella Heidelberg isolates collected from poultry and human sources in Ontario, Canada, 2013
|
bla CMY-2 |
ColRNAI |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
OR |
(95 % CI) |
p |
OR |
(95 % CI) |
p |
||
|
Production stage†* |
(Overall) |
– |
– |
0.108 |
– |
– |
0.027 |
|
Farm |
(Referent) |
– |
– |
(Referent) |
– |
– |
|
|
Hatchery |
0.17 |
(0.03–0.99) |
0.049 |
0.43 |
(0.18–1.02) |
0.056 |
|
|
Abattoir |
0.04 |
(0.00–3.41) |
0.160 |
0.51 |
(0.09–2.79) |
0.439 |
|
|
Retail |
0.61 |
(0.15–2.55) |
0.502 |
1.58 |
(0.65–3.85) |
0.309 |
|
|
Diagnostic/Clinical |
0.04 |
(0.00–0.73) |
0.030 |
2.57 |
(0.53–12.49) |
0.241 |
|
|
Variance (Establishment): |
9.99 |
(4.8–20.9) |
1.33 |
(0.4–4.1) |
|||
|
ICC (%): |
75.2% |
(59.3–86.4 %) |
< 0.0001 |
28.8 % |
(11.7–55.3 %) |
0.001 |
|
|
Bird species† |
(Overall) |
– |
– |
0.001 |
– |
– |
0.408 |
|
Turkeys |
(Referent) |
– |
(Referent) |
– |
– |
||
|
Chickens |
10.4 |
(2.47–44.1) |
0.001 |
1.35 |
(0.66–2.76) |
0.408 |
|
|
Variance (Establishment): |
7.90 |
(3.6–17.6) |
1.34 |
(0.4–4.1) |
|||
|
ICC (%): |
70.6 % |
(51.9–84.2 %) |
< 0.0001 |
28.9 % |
(11.8–55.4 %) |
0.001 |
|
|
cgMLST subtype |
(Overall) |
– |
– |
0.002 |
– |
– |
< 0.0001 |
|
Cluster 1 |
(Referent) |
– |
– |
(Referent) |
– |
– |
|
|
Cluster 4 |
8.72 |
(2.23–34.12) |
0.002 |
43.25 |
(10.42–179.6) |
< 0.0001 |
|
|
Cluster 18 |
5.57 |
(1.26–24.58) |
0.023 |
1.02 |
(0.43–2.47) |
0.958 |
|
|
Cluster 20# |
– |
– |
– |
0.72 |
(0.16–3.15) |
0.657 |
|
|
Cluster 22 |
179.80 |
(9.11–3548.7) |
0.001 |
4.33 |
(0.58–32.27) |
0.153 |
|
|
Cluster 27 |
22.44 |
(3.84–131.3) |
0.001 |
54.52 |
(5.29–561.4) |
0.001 |
|
|
Variance (Establishment): |
4.22 |
(1.4–13.1) |
1.11 |
(0.3–4.8) |
|||
|
ICC (%): |
56.2 % |
(29.2–79.9 %) |
< 0.0001 |
27.5 % |
(7.2 %–65.0 %) |
0.07 |
|
* Effect rendered non-significant with the addition of Bird Species in the model
† These models excluded isolates sampled from human origin
# Cluster 20 omitted due to complete presence of bla CMY-2