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Fatty acids enter the brain and cells through FATPs. Within the cells, fatty acids (FAs) can be β‐oxidized by mitochondria (for FAs 2‐18 carbon atoms in length) or by peroxisomes (for 28‐carbon FAs). Palmitic acid metabolism can impact the hypothalamic energy sensing neurons, resulting in a loss of energy homeostasis. FAs can also activate GPR40 signalling associated with insulin resistance, but docosahexaenoic acid‐dependent activation of GPR40 improves insulin signalling.
