FIGURE 2.

R1‐Pep dose‐dependently increased cell surface GABA_B receptors after glutamate treatment and restored normal GABA_B receptor function. Cultures were stressed for 1 h with 50 μM glutamate and thereafter treated with R1‐Pep. The neurons were then incubated for 16 h with the peptide and analyzed. (A) Neurons were incubated overnight with increasing concentrations of R1‐Pep and stained for surface expression of GABA_B receptors using GABA_B2 antibodies. Signals were normalized to no Pep/no Glu control. N = 38 neurons per condition from three independent experiments. One‐way ANOVA, Dunnett's T3 multiple comparison test (**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001). (B) R1‐Pep (10 μg/ml) restored normal GABA_B receptor function. Baclofen‐induced currents were measured in glutamate‐stressed (Glu) and unstressed (Ctrl) neurons using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. N = 8 (Ctrl), 6 (Glu), and 7 (Glu + R1‐Pep) neurons. One‐way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparison test (ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01).