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The effect of phloretin on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. A 1 h pretreatment with 100 µM phloretin (PHL) greatly reduces 10 mg/ml LPS (LPS)-induced secretion of IL-6 (a), IL-8 (b) or VEGF (c) in ARPE-19 cells. Data are combined from three independent experiments with three or four parallel samples per experiment and are represented as mean ± SEM. ns not statistically significant, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney U-test
