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. 2022 Dec 26;37(1):21–33. doi: 10.1007/s40259-022-00573-3
Targeting the co-stimulatory receptors 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR of the TNF superfamily holds potential for cancer immunotherapy.
Current developments of agonists focus on effective receptor clustering, site-specific activity, and reduced toxicity.
A variety of mono- and bispecific antibodies as well as antibody-ligand fusion proteins has been generated, which are now being evaluated in clinical trials.