Table 1.

Densities ${\rho }_i$, as well as bulk moduli $k_i$ and shear moduli ${\mu }_i$ of phases; properties refer to dry or nearly dry matter

Phase	i	${\rho }_i$ [g/cm${}^3$]	References	$k_i$ [GPa]	${\mu }_i$ [GPa]	References
cellulose nanofibril	NF	1.59	[44]	anisotropic, see Eq.(2)		[18]
amorphous cellulose${}^{\circ }$	amcel	1.50	[45]	6.22	2.07	[42]
hemicellulose${}^{\circ }$	hemcel	1.46	[46]	8.08	3.73	[46, 47]
lignin	lig	1.27	[46]	5.00	2.31	[46, 48]
pectin${}^{\ast }$	pec	1.53	[49]	1	0.4
nanopores (extractives)	npor	0.9	[25]	0	0
ash${}^{†}$	ash	2.20	[50]	36.3	30.9	[50]
lumen pores (air-filled)	lum	0		0	0

${}^{\circ }$Poisson’s ratio assumed to be 0.35 [25]

${}^{\ast }$elastic properties assumed

${}^{†}$properties of amorphous silica (silica glass) are considered representative