Table 3. Associations between PFAS Concentrations in Milk and Participants’ Characteristics in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (n = 372)a.
| participants’ characteristics | % difference in PFAS
concentrations (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|
| PFOA | PFOS | |
| maternal age (years) | –0.1 (−1.4, 1.2) | 0.9 (−0.5, 2.4) |
| race/ethnicity | ||
| non-hispanic white | ref | ref |
| others | 4.1 (−17.6, 31.4) | –8.5 (−29.5, 18.7) |
| maternal highest education | ||
| noncollege graduate/below | ref | ref |
| college graduate/above | 4.6 (−8.5, 19.4) | 6.2 (−8.5, 23.1) |
| pre-pregnancy maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 0.1 (−0.7, 1.0) | –1.1 (−2.0, −0.1) |
| parity | ||
| 0 | ref | ref |
| ≥1 | –29.6 (−38.4, −19.6) | –20.4 (−31.4, −7.7) |
| previous lactation duration (months) | –1.6 (−2.1, −1.0) | –1.1 (−1.8, −0.5) |
| infant sex | ||
| female infant | ref | ref |
| male infant | –6.1 (−15.3, 4.0) | –8.0 (−17.9, 3.2) |
| infant age at milk collection (weeks) | –3.2 (−5.7, −0.7) | –1.6 (−4.4, 1.3) |
a
CI: confidence interval.