Table 2.
Neurocognition, Neurobehavioral Symptoms, Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance, and Depressive Symptoms at Time of Diagnosis
| Variable | Measure | Mean (SD) | N | Below Cutoff , n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurocognition | WTAR | 107.12 (7.36) | 43 | — |
| HVLT-R Total | −1.43 (0.93) | 45 | 19 (42.22)* | |
| HVLT-R Delayed Recall | −1.36 (1.11) | 45 | 24 (53.33)* | |
| HVLT-R Retention | −0.73 (1.38) | 45 | 14 (31.11)* | |
| COWA | −0.94 (1.33) | 42 | 17 (40.47)* | |
| TMT A | −1.11 (2.53) | 45 | 11 (24.44)* | |
| TMT B | −1.51 (1.53) | 45 | 23 (51.11)* | |
| Above cutoff , n (%) | ||||
| Neurobehavioral Symptoms | FrSBe Apathy Before | 46.93 (10.31) | 45 | 4 (8.89) |
| FrSBe Disinhibition Before | 47.71 (12.26) | 45 | 3 (6.67) | |
| FrSBe Executive Dys. Before | 49.62 (11.00) | 45 | 4 (8.89) | |
| FrSBe Total Before | 47.84 (10.70) | 45 | 3 (6.67) | |
| FrSBe Apathy After | 54.44 (14.89) | 45 | 12 (26.67) | |
| FrSBe Disinhibition After | 52.62 (15.49) | 45 | 10 (22.22) | |
| FrSBe Executive Dys. After | 56.76 (15.56) | 45 | 15 (33.33) | |
| FrSBe Total After | 55.78 (17.10) | 45 | 12 (26.67) | |
| Fatigue | FSI Severity | 3.35 (1.89) | 42 | 24 (57.14) |
| FSI Interference | 2.43 (2.22) | 42 | — | |
| FSI Frequency | 3.13 (2.07) | 42 | — | |
| FSI Total | 2.80 (1.84) | 42 | — | |
| Sleep | PSQI Sleep Efficiency | 2.21 (1.85) | 39 | — |
| PSQI Perceived Sleep Quality | 2.63 (2.10) | 40 | — | |
| PSQI Daily Disturbances | 2.03 (1.13) | 38 | — | |
| PSQI Global Score | 6.78 (3.45) | 40 | 28 (70.00) | |
| Depressive Symptoms | HADS Depression Scale | 4.18 (3.08) | 44 | 7 (15.91) |
Notes: A cutoff of z≤-1.5 was used to characterize impairment on individual neurocognitive tests. In addition, the following cutoff scores were used to characterize clinically elevated symptoms: ≥3 for FSI Severity, ≥5 for PSQI Global Score, and (≥7) for HADS Depression Scale.
Abbreviations: WTAR = Wechsler Adult Reading Test Predicted WAIS-IV Full Scale IQ Score; HVLT-R =Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised; COWA = Controlled Oral Word Association; TMT = Trail Making Test; FrSBe = Frontal Systems Behavior Scale; Executive Dys. = Executive Dysfunction; FSI = Fatigue Symptom Inventory; PSQI = The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
*t-test, P < .01.