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. 2022 Dec 28;15(1):599–616. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c18893

Figure 2.

Figure 2

As-spun scaffolds mimic the oriented structure and diameter of native PDL fibers. (A) Composition of the periodontium (upper panel) and structure and location of the PDL fibers including lymph and blood vessels (below panel). (B) Illustrations exhibiting the structure of the Sharpey fibers and a cross-linked form with oxytalan fibers. (C) Illustrations describing the average diameters of PDL fibers and fibrils present in rats and humans. (D) SEM images showing the morphologies of aligned, grid/patterned, and randomly oriented fibrous scaffolds, where the scaffold-specific diameters of microfibers (a and b) and nanonets (c and d) are shown. Bar = 100 μm in m-ALFS, m-GPFS, and m-ROFS, or 50 μm in nm-GPFS. (E) Schematic diagrams showing that the morphology and structure of the as-spun scaffolds mimic that of Sharpey’s and/or oxytalan fibers present in the PDL. (F) The plots of frequency and 2D FFT output images for the representative SEM images of each scaffold. AB, alveolar bone; G, gingiva; T, tooth; SF, Sharpey’s fiber; OF, oxytalan fiber.