Table 2. EXAFS Fitting Parameters and Their Physical Interpretation with Typical Ranges and Errors (Spectra Measured at Room Temperature)^a.

free parameters	physical meaning	typical range	statistical error (maximum acceptable range)
Amplitude S02	Data distortion, proper model (correlates with coordination number)	0.7–1.05	10%
Change in interatomic distance, del R	Deviation from the distance in the initial model	N/A	1% of R
Energy shift E0	Edge energy of the ejected electron	±10 eV	0.1 ± 5%
Debye–Waller factor, σ2	Thermal or static disorder in the bond	0.002–0.03 Å2, always positive	5%

^aThe statistical errors shown in the table are mainly for 1st shell fitting. For details, please see, e.g., handbook by Calvin.¹⁰⁴.