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. 2023 Jan 13;23:43. doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-10469-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Representative images of immunohistochemical staining and RNA in situ hybridization of P. gingivalis in esophageal tissues. A-E Immunohistochemical staining of P. gingivalis in normal epithelium and different lesions of esophagus. F RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope) detection of P. gingivalis in ESCC tissues. N, Normal esophageal epithelium; HGD, High grade dysplasia; m2 ESCC, ESCC invading the lamina propria; m3 ESCC, ESCC invading the mucularis mucosa; sm1 ESCC, invading the submucosal layer less than 200 μm; RNAscope, RNA in situ hybridization