Table 1.

Characteristics of cellular senescence impacting normal tissue response

Characteristics of senescence	Description/response
P16, p21	Cell cycle arrest at the expense of self-renewal or differentiation
Cell morphology	Cells become flat and larger
B-galactosidase	Cells appear blue with appropriate stain
Chronic ROS & RNS	Damages neighboring cells
Chronic inflammation	Chronic expression of cytokines/chemokines
Altered immunity	Increased dysfunction of both innate and adaptive immune responses
Aging	Fibrosis, tissue remodeling, impaired immune responses to pathogens and greater mortality and morbidity