Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of critical patients with CHD grouped according to TyG index quartilesa
| Categories | Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 1618) | (N = 389) | (N = 412) | (N = 410) | (N = 407) | ||
| Age, years | 68.05 (14.05) | 70.38 (14.50) | 69.46 (14.08) | 67.80 (13.72) | 64.66 (13.28) | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 1054 (65.14) | 262 (67.35) | 264 (64.08) | 266 (64.88) | 262 (64.37) | 0.762 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.60 (14.85) | 29.03 (23.79) | 28.99 (11.18) | 28.86 (6.38) | 31.40 (13.44) | 0.180 |
| SOFA score | 3.00 (2.58) | 2.62 (2.22) | 2.71 (2.22) | 3.21 (2.65) | 3.43 (3.04) | < 0.001 |
| SIRS score | 2.43 (1.05) | 2.27 (1.02) | 2.35 (1.05) | 2.53 (1.04) | 2.55 (1.07) | < 0.001 |
| APSIII | 37.29 (17.14) | 36.02 (15.26) | 35.68 (15.60) | 37.70 (17.51) | 39.72 (19.55) | 0.003 |
| SAPSII | 32.45 (12.62) | 31.50 (11.55) | 31.98 (11.50) | 33.15 (13.03) | 33.12 (14.15) | 0.159 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Heart failure | 651 (40.23) | 143 (36.76) | 158 (38.35) | 165 (40.24) | 185 (45.45) | 0.067 |
| Hypertension | 866 (53.52) | 195 (50.13) | 228 (55.34) | 220 (53.66) | 223 (54.79) | 0.455 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 401 (24.78) | 114 (29.31) | 100 (24.27) | 101 (24.63) | 86 (21.13) | 0.064 |
| Dyslipidemia | 420 (25.96) | 94 (24.16) | 106 (25.73) | 97 (23.66) | 123 (30.22) | 0.131 |
| Diabetes | 484 (29.91) | 47 (12.08) | 77 (18.69) | 140 (34.15) | 220 (54.05) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory failure | 183 (11.31) | 27 (6.94) | 33 (8.01) | 57 (13.90) | 66 (16.22) | < 0.001 |
| AKIb | 830 (51.30) | 181 (46.53) | 182 (44.17) | 228 (55.61) | 239 (58.72) | < 0.001 |
| CKD | 179 (11.06) | 43 (11.05) | 38 (9.22) | 45 (10.98) | 53 (13.02) | 0.390 |
| AMI | 1,126 (69.65) | 264 (67.87) | 289 (70.15) | 282 (68.78) | 291 (71.50) | 0.698 |
| PCI | 1,127 (69.65) | 261 (67.10) | 286 (69.42) | 292 (71.22) | 288 (70.76) | 0.588 |
| CABG | 186 (11.50) | 41 (10.54) | 35 (8.50) | 64 (15.61) | 46 (11.30) | 0.013 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||||
| WBC, K/uL | 11.76 (5.04) | 10.91 (4.61) | 11.33 (5.03) | 11.88 (4.64) | 12.87 (5.59) | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte, % | 15.24 (9.92) | 15.69 (11.10) | 15.37 (10.40) | 14.72 (8.72) | 15.25 (9.48) | 0.699 |
| Neutrophil, % | 77.80 (12.16) | 77.67 (13.16) | 77.04 (12.71) | 78.36 (10.68) | 78.04 (12.16) | 0.612 |
| RBC, m/uL | 4.17 (0.68) | 4.10 (0.68) | 4.18 (0.62) | 4.18 (0.68) | 4.23 (0.74) | 0.040 |
| Platelet, K/uL | 250.27 (96.86) | 245.36 (104.94) | 249.52 (88.84) | 252.96 (98.43) | 253.00 (95.15) | 0.645 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.67 (2.07) | 12.46 (2.01) | 12.73 (1.95) | 12.69 (2.13) | 12.77 (2.15) | 0.150 |
| Serum potassium, mEq/L | 4.22 (0.77) | 4.15 (0.68) | 4.22 (0.75) | 4.18 (0.76) | 4.34 (0.87) | 0.004 |
| Serum sodium, mEq/L | 138.23 (4.00) | 138.09 (4.52) | 138.67 (3.53) | 138.11 (3.81) | 138.03 (4.07) | 0.078 |
| TC, mg/dL | 161.20 (46.30) | 148.67 (42.10) | 161.24 (48.04) | 165.06 (45.82) | 169.44 (46.53) | < 0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 132.82 (89.64) | 64.82 (22.25) | 101.80 (28.19) | 134.34 (45.68) | 227.71 (119.13) | < 0.001 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 90.99 (39.95) | 85.43 (35.95) | 94.35 (42.71) | 95.15 (39.97) | 88.63 (40.04) | 0.001 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 45.05 (14.21) | 50.65 (15.15) | 46.46 (13.66) | 43.60 (13.38) | 39.54 (12.27) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.45 (1.42) | 5.95 (0.98) | 6.04 (0.79) | 6.25 (1.19) | 7.47 (1.85) | < 0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 165.39 (86.07) | 134.58 (51.49) | 146.48 (52.93) | 166.13 (83.95) | 213.46 (116.12) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.49 (0.58) | 3.48 (0.54) | 3.48 (0.60) | 3.50 (0.54) | 3.49 (0.63) | 0.967 |
| Ucr, mg/dL | 95.46 (65.61) | 98.04 (66.63) | 99.33 (60.41) | 89.65 (62.52) | 95.71 (72.06) | 0.785 |
| Scr, mg/dL | 1.27 (1.11) | 1.22 (1.21) | 1.24 (1.02) | 1.25 (1.00) | 1.36 (1.19) | 0.270 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 24.30 (15.87) | 22.54 (12.96) | 23.46 (14.17) | 24.67 (16.45) | 26.44 (18.92) | 0.004 |
| TyG index | 9.14 (0.71) | 8.27 (0.37) | 8.88 (0.13) | 9.33 (0.14) | 10.06 (0.43) | < 0.001 |
| Events | ||||||
| LOS ICU, days | 3.89 (5.80) | 3.40 (6.03) | 3.56 (5.28) | 3.92 (4.62) | 4.65 (6.96) | 0.011 |
| LOS Hospital, days | 7.11 (7.70) | 6.42 (7.10) | 6.63 (7.08) | 7.11 (6.22) | 8.27 (9.81) | 0.003 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 123 (7.60) | 16 (4.11) | 28 (6.80) | 40 (9.76) | 39 (9.58) | 0.007 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 156 (9.64) | 20 (5.14) | 35 (8.50) | 50 (12.20) | 51 (12.53) | 0.001 |
CHD coronary heart disease, TyG index triglyceride glucose index, BMI body mass index, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, APSIII acute physiology score III, SAPSII simplifed acute physiological score II, AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease, AMI acute myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, WBC white blood cell, RBC red blood cell, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, Ucr urine creatinine, Scr serum creatinine, BUN blood urea nitrogen, LOS length of stay, ICU intensive care unit
aTyG index: Q1 (6.23–8.65), Q2 (8.65–9.10), Q3 (9.10–9.58), Q4 (9.58–11.78)
bAKI was defined according to KDIGO guidelines as an increase in serum creatinine (Scr) by ≥ 0.3 mg/dl (≥ 26.5 μmol/l) from baseline within 48 h