Fig. 2.

lncRNAs functions: A Guide: lncRNAs can attach to other molecules including protein, DNA, and RNA to direct them to specific genomic sites where they can control target gene expression. B Scaffold: lncRNAs can operate as a scaffold, allowing certain regulatory cofactors to join together to form a complex that activates target genes. C Decoy: lncRNAs can regulate gene expression by preventing transcriptional regulators from binding to their binding sites. D ceRNA: By interacting with miRNA and limiting its action, lncRNAs can behave as a microRNA sponge. E Signal: lncRNAs can control gene regulation by combining signaling pathways or transcription factors, or by directly interacting with DNA