Table 2—
Average Effect of Subway Openings
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Post | −0.0128 (0.0115) | −0.0081 (0.0123) | −0.0088 (0.0089) | −0.0094 (0.0090) | −0.0094 (0.0090) | −0.0092 (0.0079) | 0.0021 (0.0151) |
| Post × t | −0.0012 (0.0014) | ||||||
| Satellite | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Cont. × year | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| City × cal. mo. | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Climate | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N |
| Climate × cont. | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| City trend | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y |
| Mean AOD | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.46 |
| R 2 | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.80 |
| Number of events | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 |
| Number of cities | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 519 | 58 |
| Observations | 21,806 | 21,806 | 21,806 | 21,806 | 21,806 | 194,458 | 21,806 |
Notes: Dependent variable is mean AOD in a 10-km disk with centroid in the city center. Column 6 adds all non-subway cities. All specifications control for city fixed effects, city-specific pre-window indicators, city-specific post-window indicators, and city-specific period-0 indicators. Climate controls are pixel count and linear and quadratic terms in temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, vapor pressure, and frost days. Standard errors clustered at the city level are in parentheses.