Table 4—
Effect of Subway Openings in High AOD Cities
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Post | −0.0290 (0.0207) | −0.0246 (0.0212) | −0.0246 (0.0147) | −0.0272 (0.0146) | −0.0270 (0.0147) | −0.0284 (0.0130) |
| Satellite | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Cont. × year | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| City × cal. mo. | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Climate × cont. | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Mean AOD | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.43 |
| Bootstrap p-value | 0.174 | 0.252 | 0.111 | 0.078 | 0.083 | 0.049 |
| R 2 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.75 |
| Number of events | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Number of cities | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 490 |
| Observations | 10,896 | 10,896 | 10,896 | 10,896 | 10,896 | 183,548 |
Notes: Dependent variable is mean AOD in a 10km disk with centroid in the city center. Column 6 includes all non-subway cities. All specifications control for city fixed effects, city-specific pre-window indicators, city-specific post-window indicators, and city-specific period-0 indicators. Climate controls are pixel count and linear and quadratic terms in temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, vapor pressure, and frost days. Standard errors clustered at the city level are in parentheses.