Table 4.

Results from the unconditional model, main effects model, and interaction model without controlling for word reading.

	Unconditional Model			Main Effects Model			Interaction Model
Parameter	Logit	z-value	p-value	Logit	z-value	p-value	Logit	z-value	p-value
Intercept	1.29	3.70	<0.001**	1.27	5.99	<.001***	0.94	3.62	<0.001**
Word-Level Predictors
C1: Poly vs Mono words				0.04	0.09	.931	−0.12	−0.28	0.780
C2: Trans vs NonTrans words				1.53	3.25	.001**	1.46	3.23	0.001**
SPTR				−2.20	−4.26	<.001***	−1.92	−3.73	<0.001***
Number of letters				0.01	0.04	.968	−0.02	−0.23	0.822
Frequency				0.07	3.35	<.001***	0.07	3.66	0.003**
Concreteness				0.55	2.90	.004**	0.27	1.18	0.238
Person-Level Predicts
Grade				0.54	2.97	.003**	0.54	2.97	0.003**
Morphological Awareness				0.09	1.22	.224	0.09	1.22	0.223
Phonological Awareness				0.11	4.12	<.001***	0.11	3.88	<0.001***
Vocabulary				0.04	1.16	.246	0.04	1.16	0.247
Set for Variability				0.07	3.91	<.001***	0.07	3.91	<0.001***
Interactions
C1 × Concreteness							−0.79	−2.00	0.045*
C1 × Set for Variability							0.001	0.01	0.978
C1 × Vocabulary							−0.001	−.01	0.989
Random Effects	Variance			Variance	% var explained		Variance	% var explained
Person	3.768			0.957	74.60		.952	74.73
Word	3.719			1.399	62.38		1.281	65.56

Note. C1 = Contrast 1; C2 = Contrast 2; Poly = Polymorphemic; Mono = Monomorphemic; Trans = Transparent; SPTR = Spelling to pronunciation transparency rating.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.