Table 5.

Sequence-based (SB) and function-based (FB) metagenomic approaches for the identification of abundant microbes and /or enzymes useful in targeting different plastic substrates

Microbes/enzymes	Metagenome source	Metagenome sequencing approach	Metagenome strategy	Target plastic substrate	References
Bryozoa, Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes	Sea water	Shotgun metagenomics	SB	Mixed plastic debris	Bryant et al. (2016)
Flavobacteriaceae, Methylophilaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Planctomycetaceae, Nocardiaceae, and Verrucomicrobiaceae	Surface sea water	16S metagenomics (V4-V6 and V9)	SB	PS	Sekiguchi et al. (2009); Kirstein et al. (2019)
Rhodococcus sp. (YC-SY1, YC-BJ1, and YC-GZ1)	Soil	Illumina HiSeq 16S metagenomics (V3 + V4)	SB	Triphenyl phosphate (Plasticizer)	Wang et al. (2019b)
PET hydrolase	Marine water	Next-generation metagenome sequencing	FB	PET	Danso et al. (2018)
Thalassospiracea, Alteromonadaceae, Alcanivoraceae, and Vibrionaceae	Beach sediment	Meta-omics (16S metagenomic approach)	SB and FB	PET	Wright et al. (2021)
Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes	Landfill soil	High throughput metagenomics	SB	PE and PS	Kumar et al. (2021)
Polyurethane esterase	Landfill	Shotgun metagenomics	FB	PU	Gaytán et al. (2019)
Cutinase	Compost	Shotgun metagenomics	FB	PET	Sulaiman et al. (2012)
Esterase	Seawater	Illumina Hiseq	FB	Polyhydroxybutyrate, and polylactic acid	Tchigvintsev et al. (2015)
Esterase	Compost	Shotgun metagenomics	SB and FB	PU	Kang et al. (2011)
Protease	Marine sediment	Bidirectional end sequencing	FB	Polyester	Lim et al. (2005); Sun et al. (2020)