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. 2023 Jan 11:1–10. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10198-022-01552-9

Table 1.

Study sample characteristics and Portuguese general population aged 18 or more

Sample (n = 1006) Portuguese general population aged 18 or morea (N = 8,657,240)
Gender (%)
 Female 53.4 53.0
 Male 46.6 47.0
Age group (%)
 18–29 15.4 17.0
 30–49 35.1 36.3
 50–69 31.6 29.9
 70+ 17.9 16.8
 Mean age (SD) 51.0 (18.2) 49.1 (18.5)
Region (%)
 Northern and central coast 31.7 31.7
 Northern and central interior 11.3 11.1
 Lisbon and Oporto MA 43.3 43.4
 Alentejo 4.9 4.8
 Algarve 4.2 4.3
 Azores AR 2.2 2.2
 Madeira AR 2.4 2.5
Marital status (%)
 Single 23.4 27.4
 Married/living with a partner 57.9 56.9
 Divorced/separated 11.1 6.9
 Widowed 7.6 8.9
Educational attainment (%)
 Low 45.8 62.1
 Medium (secondary) 27.4 19.1
 High (bachelor, master, doctorate) 26.8 18.8
Occupational status (%)
 Employed 51.1 50.1
 Unemployed 13.4 7.4
 Retired 27.3 27.0
 Student 3.8 4.6
 Domestic 4.3 4.8
 Other situation 0.1 6.1
Household (%)
 1 to 2 elements 43.3 53.0
 3 to 4 elements 48.7 40.5
 5 or more elements 8.0 6.5
Residence (%)
 City 46.2 n.a
 Small town 19.9 n.a
 Small village 33.9 n.a
Chronic disease (%)
 With a chronic disease 46.5 n.a
 Without a chronic disease 53.5 n.a
Net monthly income (%)
 Less than €500 13.5 n.a
 €500–€999 29.5 n.a
 €1000–€1999 34.6 n.a
 €2000–€2999 13.0 n.a
 €3000 or more 7.5 n.a
 Dependent on household income 1.9 n.a

n number, SD standard deviation, MA metropolitan area, AR autonomous region, n.a not available

aSource: Census 2011 [20]